Poročilo Varuha človekovih pravic Republike Slovenije o izvajanju nalog državnega preventivnega mehanizma za leto 2011 c) Zaporniki, ki so zaprti v samici na podlagi preprečevalne upravne odločbe, morajo imeti individualni načrt režima samice, ki obravnava razloge za sprejetje tega ukrepa. Načrt režima samice mora kar najbolj krepiti zapornikove stike z drugimi – na začetku z zaporniškim osebjem, takoj, ko je to izvedljivo, pa tudi z ustreznimi drugimi zaporniki – in zaporniku omogočati kar najbolj razgibane dejavnosti za zapolnitev dni v samici. Osebje mora močno spodbujati sodelovanje zapornika pri dejavnostih in mu omogočiti stik z zunanjim svetom. Skozi vse obdobje administrativne osamitve mora biti glavni cilj prepričati zapornika, da se ponovno vključi v običajni zaporniški režim. c) Prisoners placed in administrative solitary confinement for preventative purposes should have an individual regime plan, geared to addressing the reasons for the measure. This plan should attempt to maximise contact with others – staff initially, but as soon as practicable with appropriate other prisoners – and provide as full a range of activities as is possible to fill the days. There should be strong encouragement from staff to partake in activities and contact with the outside world should be facilitated. Throughout the period of administrative solitary confinement, the overall objective should be to persuade the prisoner to re-engage with the normal regime. d) Glede zapornikov, ki so zaprti v samici zaradi lastne zaščite, mora zapor nekako najti ravnotežje med potrebo, da zapornikom prepreči preveliko privlačnost prebivanja v samici na eni strani, in potrebo, da zmanjša omejitve osebi, ki ji je bil izrečen ta ukrep, na drugi strani. Seveda je po končani osamitvi treba sprejeti ukrepe za čim prejšnjo ponovno vključitev zapornika. Če se izkaže, da bo potrebna dolgotrajna zaščita zapornika, in če ni nobene druge možnosti, si je treba prizadevati za izboljševanje režima. Posebno si je treba prizadevati in poiskati tiste zapornike, s katerimi bi se zapornik lahko varno družil, in poskrbeti za okoliščine, ki dovoljujejo zaporniku varen izhod iz samice. d) As regards prisoners placed in solitary confinement for protection purposes, there is a balance to be struck between on the one hand the need to avoid making this kind of solitary confinement too attractive to prisoners and on the other hand minimising the restrictions put on persons to whom the measure is applied. Certainly, at the outset of such a period of solitary confinement, steps should be taken to reintegrate the person as soon as possible; if it becomes clear that there is a need for long-term protection, and no other response is possible, regime enhancement should be pursued. Special efforts should be made to identify other prisoners with whom the prisoner concerned could safely associate and situations where it would be possible to bring the person out of cell. Vloga medicinskega osebja pri oskrbi zapornikov v samicah The role oh health-care stuff in solitary confinement 62. Zdravniki splošne medicine imajo v zaporih vlogo osebnih zdravnikov in njihova skrb je, da vzpostavijo pozitiven odnos med zdravnikom in pacientom, kar je glavni dejavnik pri varovanju zdravja in dobrega počutja zapornikov. Praksa zdravnikov v zaporu, da potrdijo, ali je zapornik sposoben prestajati kazensko osamitev (ali kako drugo vrsto osamitve v nasprotju z zapornikovimi željami), ne pripomore k vzpostavitvi dobrega odnosa. To dejstvo je bilo priznano v Priporočilu št. R(2006)2 Odbora ministrov državam članicam o evropskih zaporniških pravilih; tako je predpis iz prejšnjega pravilnika, ki zahteva, da zdravnik v zaporu potrdi, ali je zapornik sposoben prestajati kazen, zdaj odstranjen iz tega pravilnika. CPT meni, da medicinsko osebje nikoli ne sme sodelovati pri kakršnem koli procesu odločanja o kateri koli vrsti osamitve, razen takrat, kadar je ukrep potreben iz zdravstvenih razlogov. 62. Medical practitioners in prisons act as the personal doctors of prisoners and ensuring that there is a positive doctor-patient relationship between them is a major factor in safeguarding the health and well-being of prisoners. The practice of prison doctors certifying whether a prisoner is fit to undergo solitary confinement as a punishment (or any other type of solitary confinement imposed against the prisoner’s wishes) is scarcely likely to promote that relationship. This point was recognised in the Committee of Ministers’ Recommendation Rec (2006) 2 on the Revised Prison Rules; indeed, the rule in the previous version of the Rules obliging prison doctors to certify that prisoners are fit to undergo punishment has now been removed. The CPT considers that medical personnel should never participate in any part of the decision-making process resulting in any type of solitary confinement, except where the measure is applied for medical reasons. 63. Po drugi strani mora medicinsko osebje zelo pozorno spremljati položaj vseh zapornikov, ki prestajajo kazen v samici. Medicinsko osebje mora biti obveščeno o vsaki premestitvi zapornika v samico in ga obiskati takoj po prihodu v samico, pozneje pa redno vsaj enkrat na dan, in zaporniku po potrebi ponuditi takojšnjo medicinsko pomoč in zdravljenje. Medicinsko osebje mora poročati direktorju zapora, kadar je zdravje zapornika resno ogroženo zaradi prestajanja kazni v samici. Sklepna beseda 64. CPT si je pri določanju teh standardov zastavil cilj zmanjševanja uporabe osamitve zapornikov v zaporih ne le zaradi škodljivih duševnih, telesnih in socialnih posledic za zapornika, temveč tudi zato, ker lahko osamitev ustvari priložnost za namerno trpinčenje zapornikov. CPT meni, da je ukrep osamitve lahko izrečen samo v izrednih okoliščinah, kot zadnja možnost in za kar najkrajše obdobje. Zaporniki, ki prestajajo kazen v samici, morajo živeti v spodobnih razmerah. Poleg tega mora ukrep zaporniku nalagati najmanjše omejitve v skladu s ciljem ukrepa in zapornikovim vedenjem. Ukrep mora biti vedno povezan z velikim prizadevanjem osebja zapora, da odpravijo vzroke. Z drugimi besedami, režimi osamitve morajo biti kar najbolj pozitivni in se ukvarjati z dejavniki, ki so sprožili ukrep. Poleg tega je treba v procese odločanja vgraditi zakonske in praktične zaščitne ukrepe v zvezi z izrekanjem in pregledovanjem ukrepov osamitve. Če zagotovimo, da je ukrep osamitve vedno ustrezen odziv na težavne razmere v zaporih, bomo prispevali k pozitivnim medsebojnim odnosom med osebjem zapora in zaporniki in omejili škodljive posledice za osebe, ki so žal pogosto že tako med najhujšimi kršilci med zaporniki. 170 Implementation of the Duties and Powers of the National Preventive Mechanism in 2011 Državni preventivni mehanizem v Republiki Sloveniji po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju 63. On the other hand, health-care staff should be very attentive to the situation of all prisoners placed under solitary confinement. The health-care staff should be informed of every such placement and should visit the prisoner immediately after placement and thereafter, on a regular basis, at least once per day, and provide them with prompt medical assistance and treatment as required. They should report to the prison director whenever a prisoner’s health is being put seriously at risk by being held in solitary confinement. Conclusion 64. The aim of the CPT in setting out these standards is to minimise the use of solitary confinement in prisons, not only because of the mental, somatic and social damage it can do to prisoners but also given the opportunity it can provide for the deliberate infliction of illtreatment. The CPT considers that solitary confinement should only be imposed in exceptional circumstances, as a last resort and for the shortest possible time. Prisoners undergoing solitary confinement should be accommodated in decent conditions. Further, the measure should involve the minimum restrictions on prisoners consistent with its objective and the prisoner’s behaviour, and should always be accompanied by strenuous efforts on the part of staff to resolve the underlying issues. More specifically, regimes in solitary confinement should be as positive as possible and directed at addressing the factors which have made the measure necessary. In addition, legal and practical safeguards need to be built into decision-making processes in relation to the imposition and review of solitary confinement Ensuring that solitary confinement is always a proportionate response to difficult situations in prisons will promote positive staff-prisoner interaction and limit the damage done to the very persons who are often already among the most disturbed members of the inmate population. National Preventive Mechanism in the Republic of Slovenia under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 171