Institute for Criminal Policy Research The Institute for Criminal Policy Research (ICPR) is based in the Law School of Birkbeck, University of London. ICPR conducts policy-oriented, academically-grounded research on all aspects of the criminal justice system. ICPR’s work on this report forms part of the ICPR World Prison Research Programme, a programme of international comparative research on prisons and the use of imprisonment. Further details of ICPR’s research are available at http://www.icpr.org.uk/ ICPR’s book, Imprisonment Worldwide: The current situation and an alternative future (Coyle, Fair, Jacobson and Walmsley) was published in June 2016 and is available from Policy Press. World Prison Brief The World Prison Brief was established by Roy Walmsley and launched in September 2000 by the International Centre for Prison Studies. Since November 2014 the Brief has been hosted and maintained by the Institute for Criminal Policy Research. The data held on the Brief (which is updated on a monthly basis) are largely derived from governmental or other official sources. The data used in this report were accessed from the database between March and May 2019. The World Prison Brief can be accessed at http://prisonstudies.org/