governmental responses to anti-Semitic hate crimes, and formulate recommendations in relation to co-operation between the authorities and Jewish communities on matters of security. Public Order and Crisis Management In 2019, ODIHR presented the main findings and recommendations from its fourth assembly monitoring cycle48. The report identified the main gaps and challenges, as well as best practice on how participating States met their commitments on freedom of peaceful assembly. In addition, ODIHR initiated its fifth assembly monitoring cycle and visited Demark and UK as first countries included in this monitoring cycle. The main findings and recommendations of these exercises will be published in a thematic report in the end of 2020. During 2019, 21 civil society members from Ukraine (eight women, 13 men) participated in ODIHR training workshops, which assisted them to increase their skills in independent assembly monitoring techniques. Specifically, 27 representatives from civil society and FOs (13 women and 14 men) from various participating States exchanged experiences and identified ways of co-operation at ODIHR’s fourth assembly monitoring roundtable event held in July in Vienna. In 2019, ODIHR trained 66 mid-level police commanders and police commanders in Armenia and Georgia (9 women, 57 men) to increase their knowledge and skills in facilitating assemblies while upholding human rights. In addition, the reach of ODIHR’s Human Rights Handbook on Policing Assemblies expanded via the development of new translations into the Georgian, Armenian and Romanian languages49. Activities Related to Threats Posed by Criminal Activity Counter-Terrorism & P/C VERLT In 2019, through its Human Rights and Anti-Terrorism Programme, ODIHR continued to provide a broad range of activities, including expert advice and policy guidance as well as capacity-building for law enforcement officers, and to assist participating States in the implementation of human rights-compliant counter-terrorism policies and practices. 140 In 2019, ODIHR delivered a number of training courses focusing on the link between the protection of human rights and effectiveness of measures to prevent and counter terrorism and VERLT. ODIHR also continued to develop its menu of training courses in this field. ODIHR continued to work with TNTD/SPMU and TNTD/ATU in developing an additional standardized training programme based on the OSCE Guidebook on Preventing Terrorism and Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalization that Leads to Terrorism: A Community Policing Approach50. From 1 to 3 April 2019, in co-operation with the Presence in Albania and the support of TNTD and ICITAP, ODIHR organized a pilot training in Tirana. Participants were 23 community police officers and five civil society representatives. The training programme included sessions on the main features of terrorism and VERLT and drivers towards terrorist radicalization, the international human rights framework and rights at stake in P/C VERLT, risks arising, for example, from stereotypes and discriminatory profiling, and police engagement with community representatives and civil society in P/C VERLT, including women’s organizations and youth groups. From 24 to 25 June, ODIHR delivered a training on “Protecting Human Rights while Countering Terrorism Effectively” in Tashkent for 15 law enforcement officers involved in counterterrorism work (12 men and three women). From 27 to 28 June, in co-operation with TNTD/SPMU, ODIHR conducted an interactive and operationally oriented advanced training course on Human Rights in Counter-Terrorism Investigations in Tashkent. The participants (11 men and one woman) were law enforcement officers involved in the investigation of terrorism-related offences or working in relevant national training institutions. The advanced course applied police decision-making models to real-life case scenarios and examined human rights considerations at the different stages of a counter-terrorism investigation. The curriculum of the advanced course was developed as part of a joint ODIHR and TNTD/SPMU project in 2016/2017 on the basis of their joint publication Human Rights in Counter-Terrorism Investigations: A Practical Manual for Law Enforcement Officers51. From 27 to 29 November, upon the request of the Spanish authorities, ODIHR conducted a training on “Protecting Human Rights and Effectively Countering Violent Extremism and Radicalization that May Leads to Terrorism” for officers of the Local Police in Albacete and surrounding districts. During the training, participants analysed the risks stemming 48 https://www.osce.org/odihr/430793?download=true 50 https://www.osce.org/secretariat/111438. 49 https://www.osce.org/odihr/226981. 51 https://www.osce.org/odihr/108930.