002/19-09-2007-ECCC-OCIJ ЮŲŠ / No: D427
I.
II.
ECCC JURISDICTION ............................................................................................ 325
DEFINITION OF CRIMES...................................................................................... 327
A. GENOCIDE .............................................................................................................. 327
B.
CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY .......................................................................... 327
C.
GRAVE BREACHES OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 12 AUGUST 1949 ..
.................................................................................................................................. 328
III.
MODES OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY......................................................... 329
IV.
STANDARD OF EVIDENCE.................................................................................. 329
PART THREE: LEGAL FINDINGS.............................................................................................. 331
I.
PERSONAL JURISDICTION.................................................................................. 331
II.
AMNESTY, PARDON, NE BIS IN IDEM.............................................................. 331
III.
GENOCIDE .............................................................................................................. 332
A. GENOCIDE BY KILLING: CHAM ........................................................................ 333
B.
GENOCIDE BY KILLING: VIETNAMESE........................................................... 334
IV.
CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY .......................................................................... 335
A. “CHAPEAU” ELEMENTS ...................................................................................... 335
Existence of the Attack ............................................................................................. 335
Widespread or Systematic......................................................................................... 336
Directed Against the Civilian Population ................................................................. 338
On National, Political, Racial, Ethnic or Religious Grounds.................................... 339
Committed “as Part of the Attack" ........................................................................... 340
B.
UNDERLYING OFFENCES CONSTITUTING CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY ..
.................................................................................................................................. 340
Murder ...................................................................................................................... 340
Extermination............................................................................................................ 342
Enslavement.............................................................................................................. 344
Deportation ............................................................................................................... 345
Imprisonment ............................................................................................................ 346
Torture ...................................................................................................................... 347
Persecution on Political, Racial or Religious Grounds ............................................. 348
Rape .......................................................................................................................... 351
Other Inhumane Acts Through “Attacks Against Human Dignity” ......................... 353
Other Inhumane Acts Through Forced Marriage...................................................... 354
Other Inhumane Acts Through Forced Transfer....................................................... 356
Other Inhumane Acts Through Enforced Disappearances........................................ 360
V.
GRAVE BREACHES OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS 1949 ........................ 362
A. “CHAPEAU” ELEMENTS ...................................................................................... 362
Existence of an International Armed Conflict .......................................................... 362
Protected Persons...................................................................................................... 362
Nexus Between the International Armed Conflict and the Crimes........................... 363
Awareness of the Perpetrator .................................................................................... 363
B.
UNDERLYING OFFENCES CONSTITUTING GRAVE BREACHES OF THE
GENEVA CONVENTIONS 1949............................................................................ 364
Wilful Killing............................................................................................................ 364
Torture ...................................................................................................................... 365
Inhumane Treatment ................................................................................................. 366
Wilfully Causing Great Suffering or Serious Injury to Body or Health ................... 366
Wilfully Depriving a Prisoner of War or a Civilian the Rights of Fair and Regular
Trial........................................................................................................................... 367
Unlawful Deportation of a Civilian .......................................................................... 368
Unlawful Confinement of a Civilian......................................................................... 369
VI.
LEGAL FINDINGS ON MODES OF RESPONSIBILITY ..................................... 369
A. JOINT CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE.......................................................................... 369
Findings of Responsibility under the Joint Criminal Enterprise............................... 370
Nuon Chea ................................................................................................................ 373
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, National Road 4, Choam Chao, Dangkao Phnom Penh
Mailing address: P.O. Box 71, Phnom Penh; Tel: +855(0)23 218914 Fax: +855(0) 23 218941.
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