002/19-09-2007-ECCC-OCIJ ЮŲŠ / No: D427 birth.806 Entire families were made to leave Phnom Penh807 although frequently family members were separated from each other.808 226. The precise number of persons who were made to leave Phnom Penh is unclear, although the total figure is likely to be 1.5 to 2.6 million people.809 Witnesses refer to seeing masses of people travelling in the streets810 and that the entire city was emptied of people.811 Before 17 April 1975, the CPK claimed that the population in Phnom Penh and other areas controlled by the enemy was around one million.812 After 17 April 1975, the CPK officially estimated that the total number of persons moved from Phnom Penh was two million.813 Later the CPK put the number of persons moved from Phnom Penh and provincial capitals at around three million814 (although the same figure of three million was sometimes also cited for the population moved from Phnom Penh alone, including by Ieng Sary).815 In 1977, the CPK changed their estimation of total number of people moved to four million.816 Initial Destination 227. The civilian population left Phnom Penh by the national roads in all directions: north, south, east and west of the city.817 In general, people were not provided with directions818 nor informed of the final destination819 other than to go to rural areas820 or to their birth place or home village.821 On occasion CPK troops made people change their route.822 The evidence shows that the people left Phnom Penh for most of the zones in Cambodia.823 The local communities were often instructed to receive the newly arriving population and provide food and shelter, although it was generally not sufficient for the number of arrivals.824 In other cases, the civilian population from Phnom Penh was either housed in halls825 or had to establish their own accommodation.826 Some people became ill from the journey from Phnom Penh or from the conditions on arrival.827 People who had originated from Phnom Penh were identified as “new people” or “17 April people” or “depositee people” and were often targeted on arrival based on this identity.828 Means and Method of the Movement Means 228. The persons enforcing the movement of the population from Phnom Penh were identified by witnesses as “Khmer Rouge” troops.829 They were described as wearing black830 or khaki831 clothes, some with scarves832 or kramas around their necks.833 The “Khmer Rouge” troops were often armed.834 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, National Road 4, Choam Chao, Dangkao Phnom Penh Mailing address: P.O. Box 71, Phnom Penh; Tel: +855(0)23 218914 Fax: +855(0) 23 218941. 61