1.1 Obiski v zavodih za prestajanje kazni zapora in mladoletniškega zapora 1.1 Visit to prisons and juvenile prisons Na naše vprašanje o tem, kdaj je zavodska zdravstvena služba nazadnje opravila sanitarno-higiensko nadzorstvo v smislu 60. člena Pravilnika o izvrševanju kazni zapora tako v ZPKZ Dob kakor tudi v ZPKZ Ig, smo prejeli pojasnilo Generalnega urada UIKS, da v ZPKZ Dob doslej ni bil opravljen noben tovrstni pregled, v ZPKZ Ig pa 28. 8. 2014 »/…/ (vsi bivalni in dnevni prostori), nato pa se je še trikrat izvedel po posameznih sobah, in sicer 16. 9., 17. 9. in 30. 9. 2014. V septembru pregled v tem obsegu ni bil izveden, ker je bila zavodska medicinska sestra odsotna, so pa zaprosili medicinsko sestro pristojnega zdravstvenega zavoda, da v posameznih sobah opravi selektivni pregled.« Na to, kaj vse dejansko obsega sanitarnohigienski pregled po sobah in dnevnih prostorih, ki da ga opravlja medicinska sestra v ZPKZ Ig, in tudi, ali je to kakor koli dogovorjeno oziroma ustaljeno, pa je bil odziv, da »omenjeni pregled predstavlja pregled čistoče, higiene in urejenosti prostorov, pohištva in postelj ter tudi osebne higiene zaprtih oseb (oblačila in obutev). V skupnih prostorih se pregleda tudi hladilnik, kjer se poleg splošne čistoče ugotavlja tudi rok trajanja posameznih živil. Medicinska sestra vodi evidenco vseh higiensko-sanitarnih pregledov, kjer se zabeležijo nepravilnosti, ukrepi in predlogi izboljšav. Povzetek tega se zabeleži v dnevno poročilo zavoda«. Ob sprva prejetih pojasnilih se nam je zastavljalo tudi vprašanje o tem, ali se za ZPKZ Ig torej pojmuje, da – v nasprotju od ZPKZ Dob pri Mirni – vendarle ima posebej organizirano zdravstveno službo. V zvezi s tem nam je Generalni urad UIKS sporočil, da je dejstvo, »da imamo v zavodih za prestajanje kazni zapora zaposlene tudi zdravstvene delavce, ki opravljajo dela in naloge zagotavljanja zdravstvene oskrbe zaprtih oseb. Pravilnik o izvrševanju kazni zapora v 60. členu res določa, da sanitarno-higiensko nadzorstvo nad pripravo in delitvijo hrane, vode, osebno higieno obsojencev, higieno prostorov, kjer obsojenci živijo in delajo, ter obleko, perilom in obutvijo obsojencev opravlja zavodska zdravstvena služba, vendar tu ne gre za neko posebno zdravstveno službo, ampak zgolj za zdravstvene delavce, ki imajo poleg zdravstvenih nalog tudi nalogo izvajanja higiensko-sanitarnega nadzora«. V zvezi z ZPKZ Dob pri Mirni pa nas je zanimala konkretizacija kadrovskih in organizacijskih okoliščin, ki ne dopuščajo opravljanja sanitarno-higienskih pregledov vsaj na način, kot je bil opisan za ZPKZ Ig. Te okoliščine je Generalni urad URSIKS utemeljeval z navedbami, da »imajo zaposlene štiri zdravstvene delavce. Od teh je eden pogosto odsoten iz zdravstvenih razlogov, občasno pa tudi drugi delavci zaradi lastnih težav ali bolezni otrok. Pogosto izvajajo naloge v povečanem obsegu, da opravijo redne obveznosti v okviru nalog v zdravstveni ordinaciji. Nadzor nad higiensko-sanitarnimi pogoji zaradi tega izvajajo pravosodni policisti in operativni vodje ter vodje oddelkov. Zdravstveni delavci opravljajo higienski nadzor samo v I. oddelku obsojencev in v bolniških sobah, kar so v stanju izvajati ob tej kadrovski zasedbi«. Zaprosili smo tudi za stališče Generalnega urada UIKS o tem, ali bi bilo smiselno – po potrebi tudi izven okvirja »izvajanja nalog po navodilih zdravnikov« – določiti poseben protokol nadzora tudi še za druge bivalne prostore po zgledu prakse v ZPKZ Ig. V tej smeri nam je naslovnik sporočil, »da je bilo na aktivu zdravstvenih delavcev v URSIKS dogovorjeno, da je naloga zdravstvenih delavcev tudi nadziranje higiene zaprtih oseb in nadziranje higienskih pogojev (čistost oblačil in posteljnine, sanitarije, gretje, osvetlitev, prezračevanje sob ... ). V ta namen je potrebno redno opravljati obiske po celicah in bolniških sobah. Na podlagi tega dogovora so v vseh zavodih pričeli izvajati te naloge, razen v ZPKZ Dob pri Mirni, kjer se soočajo s težjimi kadrovskimi razmerami glede zdravstvenih delavcev. Hkrati pa želimo poudariti, da so tudi pravosodni policisti zavezani k nadziranju izvajanja hišnega reda tekom celega dneva in skrbijo, da zaprte osebe izvajajo zahtevana čiščenja in vzdržujejo osebno higieno«. Tudi pozorno sledenje prejetim pojasnilom glede sanitarno-higienskega nadzorstva (po 60. členu Pravilnika o izvrševanju kazni zapora) je torej pokazalo različno prakso v zavodih za prestajanje kazni zapora in tudi razkrilo, kakšna je razlaga te določbe s strani organa, katerega dislocirane notranje organizacijske enote so ti zavodi. Oboje bo v takem ali drugačnem smislu uporabna referenca za našo nadaljnjo obravnavo zaporske problematike – tako v okviru obravnave pobudo po ZVarCP kot pri izvrševanju nalog in pooblastil državnega preventivnega mehanizma po OPCAT. 58 poročilo o izvajanju nalog DPM v letu 2014 DržavnI preventivnI mehanizEm po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju To our question about when the prison health service had conducted the last sanitary and hygienic supervision in Dob and Ig prisons as per Article 60 of the Rules on the implementation of prison sentences, the reply of the Head Office of the Prison Administration of Slovenia was that no such supervision was conducted in Dob Prison and, in Ig Prison, supervision was implemented on 28 August 2014, “/.../ (all living and common premises) and then three times in individual rooms, i.e. on 16 September, 17 September and 30 September 2014. Supervision was not conducted in the same extent in September, because the prison nurse was absent; however, a nurse from the relevant health institute was asked to conduct a selective supervision in individual rooms.” The reply to the question about what was actually encompassed in the sanitary and hygienic supervision of rooms and common premises conducted by the nurse in Ig Prison, and also, if this was in any way agreed on or regular practice, stated that “this supervision includes a control of cleanliness, hygiene and tidiness of premises, furniture and beds, and also personal hygiene of prisoners (clothes and shoes). A refrigerator is also examined in the common premises, where the expiry dates of foodstuffs are established in addition to general cleanliness. The nurse keeps a record of all sanitary and hygienic supervisions during which irregularities, measures and proposals for improvement are recorded. The summary is recorded in the prison’s daily report.” Upon the initially received clarifications, we further inquired if Ig Prison, unlike Dob pri Mirni Prison, is considered to have a specially organised health service. In this regard, the Head Office of the Prison Administration of Slovenia replied that it was a fact “that prisons employed medical staff who implement the work and tasks of providing health care to prisoners. Article 60 of the Rules on the implementation of prison sentences actually stipulates that sanitary and hygienic supervision of the preparation and distribution of food and water, personal hygiene of prisoners and quarters where prisoners live and work, and prisoners’ clothes, underwear and shoes is to be implemented by the prison health service, but this does not refer to any special health service, but merely medical staff who in addition to health tasks also implement the sanitary and hygienic supervision.” Relating to Dob pri Mirni Prison, we inquired about the concrete staffing and organisational circumstances which did not permit the implementation of sanitary and hygienic supervisions in the way described for Ig Prison. These circumstances were substantiated by the Head Office of the Prison Administration of Slovenia by stating that “four medical workers are employed, one of whom is frequently absent for medical reasons, and occasionally other workers as well, due to their personal problems or their children being ill. They frequently have an increased work load in order to conduct their regular duties among the tasks in the medical consulting room. The supervision of hygienic and sanitary conditions is thus conducted by judicial police officers, operations manager and heads of units. The medical staff conduct hygienic supervision only in the first prison section and patient rooms, which is the most they can implement in the current staffing situation.” We also requested the opinion of the Head Office of the Prison Administration of Slovenia on whether it would be appropriate, if necessary also outside the framework of “implementing tasks according to the instructions of general physicians”, to determine a special supervision protocol also for other living quarters as provided in the example of Ig Prison. In this regard, the reply was that “the working group of medical workers of the Head Office of the Prison Administration of Slovenia determined that the task of medical workers was also the supervision of hygiene of prisoners and hygienic conditions (cleanliness of clothes and bed linen, toilet facilities, heating, lighting, airing of rooms etc.). For this purpose, regular visits to prisoners’ rooms and patient rooms must be conducted. On the basis of the above agreement, this task was then being implemented in all prisons with the exception of Dob pri Mirni Prison, which has severe staffing problems with medical staff. We would also like to add that judicial police officers are committed to the implementation of the house rules throughout the day and supervise the execution of required cleaning and maintenance of personal hygiene.” A detailed reading of clarifications on the sanitary and hygienic supervision (as per Article 60 of the Rules on the implementation of prison sentences) has thus revealed that prisons do things in different ways, and also provided the explanation of this provision by the authority responsible for these prisons. The above will in any case be a useful reference for our further consideration of prisons’ issues, i.e. within the framework of discussing complaints as per the ZVarCP and the implementation of tasks and powers of the National Preventive Mechanism according to the OPCAT. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE NPM IN 2014 National Preventive Mechanism under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 59