result of such reforms has been that many more detainees are brought in front of a judge without delay and are granted access to a lawyer. The reforms have been credited with a noteworthy reduction in the practice of torture in the criminal justice system. In a number of regions of Chile, judges and judicial actors are also mandated to manage criminal investigations and visit places of detention. During such detention visits, judges and judicial actors are able to verify the conditions and legality of detention. Jamaica: judicial supervision of interrogations Encouraged to provide transparency and ensure the integrity of police investigations, Jamaica requires that a Justice of the Peace or a lawyer be present during all interrogations. A Justice of the Peace is a voluntary post for a person of unquestionable integrity who seeks to promote and protect the rights of individuals and helps to give justice to those persons in a particular community. The work of Justices of the Peace at police stations in Jamaica has been commended as one of the reasons that torture, in the classical sense of deliberately inflicting severe pain or suffering as a means of extracting a confession of information, was not found to be a major problem in Jamaica. Jamaica has since undertaken to strengthen the capacity of Justices of the Peace and other public actors with training on legal rights of criminal suspects. Detention records The protective scope of many safeguards is dependant, to a greater or lesser degree, on the cooperation of the detaining authorities to share complete and true records of persons in their custody. A process of registration and recording is therefore an essential part of an effective system of any place of detention. International standards recommend that a comprehensive detention record is made and is updated contemporaneously throughout the period a person is detained. The record should be held in a centralised detention register and the management of the register should be properly documented. UN Human Rights Council Resolution 31/31 (2016) encouraged States to maintain up to date official registers of persons in police custody that as a minimum, contain information about: a) the reasons for the arrest b) the time of the arrest and the taking of the arrested person to a place of detention, as well as that of his or her first appearance before a judicial or other authority c) the identity of the law enforcement officials concerned, and d) precise information concerning the place of detention. The Human Rights Council also recommended that States should communicate such records to the detained person or his or her counsel, as prescribed by law. Paraguay: model detainee registers distributed throughout the country During a visit to Paraguay in 2011, the UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture noted the detention register system was inadequate, as it did not allow for the effective monitoring of the arrivals and departures of detainees nor compliance with procedural safeguards. As a result, the Ministry of the Interior designed model detainee registers for distribution in all the country’s police stations and, since 2011, five thousand copies of the model detainee registration books have been distributed for use across the country. TOOL: Safeguards in the first hours of police detention 9/11