The State party should: (a) Conduct regular training courses for law enforcement personnel, including members of the police force and prison staff, so as to ensure that all have a thorough knowledge of the provisions of the Convention and are well aware that breaches will not be tolerated, will be investigated and that the persons responsible are liable for prosecution. All such personnel should receive specific training on how to detect signs of torture; (b) Draft a handbook describing interrogation techniques in keeping with the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners and prohibiting those that run counter to them; (c) Raise awareness among law enforcement personnel of the application of legislation prohibiting sexual violence, particularly against women; and (d) Encourage the participation of non-governmental and human rights organizations in the training of law enforcement personnel. (19) The Committee has noted the worrying detention conditions prevailing in Togo, in particular in Lomé and Kara prisons. The most widespread problems are overcrowding and a shortage of food, poor hygiene and a lack of material, human and financial resources. The treatment of prisoners remains a matter of concern to the Committee. Cases of corporal punishment for disciplinary offences have been reported. Often women and children are not held separately from men and adults, and persons awaiting trial are not separated from those serving sentence (art. 11). The State party should put an end to practices that run counter to the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. It should also take immediate steps to reduce overcrowding in prisons and the number of people held in pretrial detention, and to ensure that women and children are held separately from men and adults and that persons awaiting trial are separated from those serving sentence. (20) The Committee is very concerned by the widespread sexual violence against women, including in detention facilities. The Committee is also worried by the fact that women held in detention are guarded by male prison warders (art. 11). The State party should set up and promote an effective mechanism for dealing with complaints of sexual violence, including within the prison system, and should provide victims with protection and psychological and medical assistance. The State party should ensure that women prisoners are guarded by female prison warders only. (21) The Committee takes note of the State party’s statement to the effect that three non-governmental organizations are allowed to visit detention facilities. The Committee is, however, concerned by the absence of effective and systematic monitoring of all detention facilities, namely regular but unannounced visits of the facilities by national inspectors (art. 11). The State party should consider establishing a national system to monitor detention facilities and follow up the results of such systematic monitoring. It should also ensure the presence during those visits of forensic specialists who are trained to detect the after-effects of torture. The State party should also strengthen the role of non-governmental organizations in this process by facilitating their access to detention facilities. (22) While it takes note of the report of the national independent commission of inquiry, the Committee is concerned by the lack of impartial inquiries to establish the individual responsibility of the perpetrators of acts of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, in particular following the April 2005 elections, which contributes to the climate of impunity prevailing in Togo (art. 12). 65