a basic form of earning a livelihood and exercises aimed at strengthening physical fitness. ¾ It is also important to provide adequate medical care to the juveniles in the centres. In the National Preventive Mechanism's opinion, permanent employment of a nurse in the establishments is necessary, taking into account e.g. self-inflicted wounds in the juveniles and the fact that some of them are subject to permanent psychotropic pharmacotherapy. ¾ Since 2009, the National Preventive Mechanism has sought to ensure that the question of the juveniles' access to open-air activities is regulated in the Act on Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings as one of the obligatory rights of the juvenile staying in isolation. In the National Preventive Mechanism's opinion, legal regulations should guarantee the juveniles placed in youth care and sociotherapy centres the right to make use of a necessary for health, daily, at least one-hour walk (activities) in the open air. ¾ The juveniles should be provided with regular contact with their family and persons from outside the centre. Any restrictions in this regard should be justified and exercised using the appropriate procedure. The National Preventive Mechanism considers situations in which this contact depends on the degree of social rehabilitation of the juvenile to be inappropriate. ¾ In examining the material conditions in the centres, the National Preventive Mechanism noted that the lack of their proper provision regarded mainly the juveniles staying both in special education institutions (children's homes) and youth care centres. In the Mechanism's opinion, the child's legal situation and the fact that at the same time he/she stays in two establishments subordinate to two different ministries should not affect ensuring him/her the appropriate living conditions with regard to providing him/her with the basic things. None of these establishments may avoid its obligations towards the child, what is more, they should cooperate closely so that all interactions are most adequate to his/her situation. ¾ The juveniles should have permanent access to the addresses of the institutions to which they may apply in situations of violations of their rights. Even if the juveniles have an opportunity to talk about their problems or conflict situations, at the meetings of the community or directly with housemasters or psychologists, the existence of an alternative and a possibility of referring with the problem to the external institution is extremely important. 8.5. Juvenile detention centres and juvenile shelters ¾ The National Preventive Mechanism believes that an important element of influencing the juveniles placed in juvenile detention centers and juvenile shelters is developing an appropriate system of punishments and awards. No disciplinary measures other than those laid down in national legislation may be applied. Application of collective responsibility is also unacceptable. Demonstration by the juveniles of behaviours likely to prove their different sexual orientation should not be treated as a disciplinary offence. ¾ Separation of the juvenile for security purposes should be as short as possible and be used as a last resort, when other interactions brought no effect. The transition rooms should be equipped in a similar way to other rooms, providing positive visual