traffickers perform ritualised, often violent ceremonies in order to subjugate and silence victims through the threat of their destruction, or that of their loved ones by malign spirits. This has a profound effect upon victims and is a major challenge to successful therapeutic treatment. Victims of Juju trafficking are often subjected to very high levels of physical control, abuse and violence throughout their trafficking experience, but are in any case psychologically entrapped and overwhelmed. A West African woman subjected to a Juju ritual before being trafficked for sexual exploitation The trafficker took Eliza to a house. There were several men in the room, wearing orange clothes. She was told to go to the bathroom and change. They took her clothes, including her underwear. Then they took samples of her pubic hair and nails. They removed some blood from her arm (She indicated a scar on her arm at this point which she said was where they took the blood from.) The men then showed her a mirror in which she believes that her image appeared even though she was not looking directly at it. She was told that she had to keep everything secret, and never run away. They said they would know if she tried to run away as the mirror showed them what she was doing. The hair samples meant that if she ran away she would go mad. The blood sample meant that she would bleed to death. BBC News Breaking the spell of Juju - 56