Part III: A systematic change perspective Situation analysis – Racial discrimination in the police and judiciary in European Country X STAKEHOLDER Analysis high Ministry of interior Police management POWER Justice system Tabloid press Police union Political Party 1 Pol. Party 2 Quality media Privat security firms low negative Adminstrative Court Police reform project Ombudsperson Police staff Lawyers Ass. Pol. Party 3 Academic and research institutions Rights holders Activists HR Ass of judges CPT FRA ECRI CERD Amnesty Anti-Racist NGOs Justice initiative INTEREST positive The result is a tentative picture of the particular forces at play. It allows a first grasp of the prospects/ difficulties in achieving the change and, very importantly, an indication regarding which stakeholders would have to be worked on in order to get the change realised. Naturally, the outcome will be that the interest of the most powerful actors would have to change and/or the power of those with a strong interest would have to increase. Summing up: On the basis of the identification of a concrete problem and the desired change, the following steps need to be undertaken in a stakeholder analysis: hh Step 1: Identification of relevant stakeholders in a systematic way hh Step 2: Locating of stakeholders in the power-interest grid hh Step 3: Assessing each stakeholder with regard to its relative power and interest as well as susceptibility to influence or its power potential hh Step 4: Drawing conclusions for concrete change strategies Several NPMs have indicated that they do a basic form of stakeholder analysis, but no NPM seems to use this tool in any systematic manner. Several NPMs stated that they knew their stakeholders in terms of the authorities to be targeted or they had good cooperation with relevant NGOs. NPMs as a stakeholder – the relative power of NPMs The concept of power emerges as fundamental in this approach to stakeholder analysis, and, more generally, occupies a prominent place in the context of thinking about how change in society can be brought about. In the context of the NPM’s work, it is worth remembering that a fundamental function of human rights monitoring is the protection against abuse of power. In situations of a radical imbalance of power in places of deprivation of liberty, with its specific characteristics of being opaque to the outside world, distant from society and dehumanising, human rights purport upholding human dignity and the concrete human rights of persons deprived of their liberty. In trying to uphold human rights within their mandate, NPMs do not normally have explicit enforcement powers and cannot order specific changes.295 Their power only encompasses making recommendationsand For the examples of the few NPMs with enforcement powers see Part II, Chapter 1.7. 295 - 100 -