UN TREATY BODIES 1 54 standards developed by the regional mechanisms. The treaty bodies have made a particularly high number of references to decisions of the European Commission and Court of Human Rights. This is to be expected; the European regional mechanisms were the first to be established, and the system has a much higher turnover of cases than the other bodies. Thus, it has arguably developed the most detailed jurisprudence on the prohibition of torture and other ill-treatment. This jurisprudence will be analysed in Chapter 2, with the jurisprudence of the Inter-American and African systems to follow in Chapters 3 and 4, respectively.