BOX 2. MEN AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS (CONT.) • Enhance equity and gender equality; • Share the burden of preventing diseases and health complications; • Promote satisfying sexual lives for men and women; • Inform men and women about male and female anatomy, contraception, STIs and HIV/ AIDS prevention and women’s health care needs during pregnancy and childbirth.16 Men’s sexual and reproductive health must also be addressed by focusing on: • Uro-genital infections; • STIs; • Infertility and erectile dysfunction; and • Prostate and testicular cancer.17 The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo placed reproductive rights on the global agenda. Its Programme of Action clearly affirmed and articulated that reproductive and sexual health is protected by the human rights already recognized by both national and international law. In addition, the Programme of Action contributed to the recognition of the complex links between population growth and gender equality. The generally acknowledged definition of reproductive rights is taken from the ICPD Program of Action. In 1995, the Fourth World Conference on Women took place in Beijing.18 The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, adopted at the Conference, among other things highlights the right to equal access to and equal treatment of women and men in education and health care and the enhancement of women’s sexual and reproductive health as well as education. Both the ICPD Programme of Action and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action show that alongside health and health care, education is a crucial tool in promoting and protecting reproductive rights. 16 Examples of initiatives targeting the attitudes of men and boys with respect to gender roles etc. can be found in Plan International. “Because I am a Girl: the State of the World’s Girls” 2011. Including Family Planning and Sexual Health. Technical Report No. 28, 1995. 17 UNFPA, Male Involvement in Reproductive Health, 18 United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/50/203. 27