112 Chin-Hao Huang, “Bridging the Gap” Analysis of China’s export controls against international standards, Foreign and Commonwealth Office Counter-Proliferation Programme, April 2012, p. 10, 113 Chin-Hao Huang, “Bridging the Gap” Analysis of China’s export controls against international standards, Foreign and Commonwealth Office Counter-Proliferation Programme, April 2012, p. 14; M. Bromley, M. Duchâtel and P. Holtom, China’s Exports of Small Arms and Light Weapons, SIPRI Policy Paper No. 38, p. 19, available at http://books.sipri.org/ files/PP/SIPRIPP38.pdf 114 M. Bromley, M. Duchâtel and P. Holtom, China’s Exports of Small Arms and Light Weapons, SIPRI Policy Paper No. 38, p. 19. 115 Chin-Hao Huang, “Bridging the Gap” Analysis of China’s export controls against international standards, Foreign and Commonwealth Office Counter-Proliferation Programme, April 2012, p. 14. 116 See www.wassenaar.org/introduction/index.html 117 Council Regulation (EC) No 1236/2005 of 27th June 2005 concerning trade in certain goods which could be used for capital punishment, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, published in Official Journal of the European Union, L200/1, 30 July 2005, available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri =OJ:L:2005:200:0001:0019:EN:PDF 118 See Overview of US Export Control System, www.state.gov/strategictrade/overview/ 119 Report of the Panel of Experts on Liberia submitted pursuant to paragraph 5(e) of Security Council resolution 1792 (2007) concerning Liberia (S/2008/371), p. 12, available at http://www.poa-iss.org/CASAUpload/ELibrary/S-2008-371Ex-Liberia-E.pdf 120 See Amnesty International Annual Report entry for Uganda, 2011, available at http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/ uganda/report-2011 121 Uganda Human Rights Commission 13th Annual Report, 2010, p. 17, available at http://www.uhrc.ug/?wpfb_dl=41 122 Daily Monitor, ‘Police arm heavily ahead of elections,’ January 17 2011, available at http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/ National/-/688334/1090988/-/cisuqtz/-/index.html; The Independent, ‘Chinese fever’, 25 March 2012, available at http:// www.independent.co.ug/news/news-analysis/5463-chinese-fever; images, such as this one, http://twitpic.com/4nhh1n show teargas grenades identical to those manufactured in China. Orders reportedly continued after the election. In December 2011, a convoy of Poly Technologies manufactured armoured vehicles with “Uganda Police” stencilled on the body work were photographed in China before a further consignment, see: Army Recognition, http://www.armyrecognition.com/december_2011_army_military_defence_news_uk/police_forces_of_uganda_has_ordered_new_chinese_antiriot_armoured_vehicles_1812112.html 123 Human Rights Watch, Uganda: Launch Independent Inquiry Into Killings, May 2011, available at http://www.hrw. org/news/2011/05/08/uganda-launch-independent-inquiry-killings 124 Army Recognition, ‘Security forces of Democratic Republic of Congo use a new Chinese made armoured vehicle’, December 2011 available at http://www.armyrecognition.com/december_2011_army_military_defence_news_uk/security_forces_of_democratic_republic_of_congo_use_a_new_chinese_made_armoured_vehicle_0912111.html 125 Amnesty International submission to the UN Universal, Periodic Review: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sixth session of the UPR Working Group, November-December 2009, (Index: AFR62/009/2009), April 2009, available at http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR62/009/2009/en/536d63eb-4c71-4c19-bd19-c014966bb7cf/ afr620092009en.pdf; Amnesty International, Democratic Republic of the Congo annual report 2010, 2011 available at http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/democratic-republic-congo/report-20110; http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/democratic-republic-congo/report-2011. 126 UN, Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Philip Alston, Mission to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1 June 2010, A/HRC/14/24/Add.3, p.19, pa. 80, p 24 available at http://www2. ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/14session/A.HRC.14.24.Add3.pdf 127 UN, Report of the United Nations Joint Human Rights Office on Serious Human Rights Violations Committed by Members of the Congolese Defense and Security Forces in Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 26 November and 25 December 2011, March 2012, p 4 available at http://www.refworld.org/docid/4f6c674c2.html 128 Human Rights Watch, ‘DR Congo: Rein in Security Forces’, December 2011, available at http://www.hrw.org/ news/2011/12/02/dr-congo-rein-security-forces; Amnesty International, ‘If you resist, we will shoot you’: The Democratic Republic of the Congo and the case for an effective Arms Trade Treaty, 2012, (Index: AFR62/007/2012), p. 26, available at http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR62/007/2012/en/cdd8cdd9-913f-4dc5-8418-71d2eedbdde0/ afr620072012en.pdf 129 For background information see Amnesty International, Madagascar: Urgent need for justice: Human rights violations during the political crisis (Index: AFR 35/001/2010), February 2010, available at http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/ asset/AFR35/001/2010/en/6e05b73b-1337-4a57-b80b-4c6d3e7fef61/afr350012010en.pdf based on interviews carried out by Amnesty International delegates in June 2009. 130 Wikileaks, ‘Security Forces Emboldened With New Equipment’, 4 Mar 2009 (published on 1 September 2011) available at http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/03/09ANTANANARIVO152.html, accessed March 2014 131 Amnesty International, Madagascar: Urgent need for justice: Human rights violations during the political crisis (AFR 35/001/2010), February 2010, p. 15, available at http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR35/001/2010/ en/6e05b73b-1337-4a57-b80b-4c6d3e7fef61/afr350012010en.pdf 132 Interview with Amnesty International, June 2009. China’s Trade in Tools of Torture and Repression Amnesty International – Index: ASA 17/042/2014 39