Introduce training programmes on the signs and symptoms of torture, early identification of VoTs and consideration of MLRs as evidence Key recommendations Member centre, Country • The MLR should be taken into account more effectively in the deci- CTSF, Finland sion-making process. • More training for immigration authority staff (BAMF) is needed, as bzfo, Germany well as more consideration of MLRs. • Training of immigration officials on the consideration of MLRs is SPIRASI, Ireland needed. Immigration officials do not consider the majority of MLRs produced by the centre correctly, and as a result these MLRs are not accepted. • Provision of training to immigration officials (referred to as Eligibil- Vi.TO/CIR, Italy ity Commissions) is required. There is a high staff turnover, and lack of training means that staff are often unaware of the particular clinical signs shown by VoTs. Higher uniformity in decision-making procedures of Eligibility Commissions is necessary to ensure the equal treatment of asylum applications throughout Italy. • Provision of training to staff at the Migration Board should include Swedish Red Cross, how to question applicants about torture. Malmö, Sweden • The consideration of MLRs varies greatly throughout the USA sug- ASTT, USA gesting that more training should be provided to judges and immigration officials. • Decision-makers need to understand the purpose and use of an MLR Foundation House, and the way in which it can assist fair decision-making. They need Australia to be better informed about how to evaluate whether evidence is expert and accurate. Improve collaboration with health professionals who are trained in producing MLRs Key recommendations Member centre, Country • Where there are signs of torture or trauma, access to a specially bzfo and MFH Bochum, trained independent health professional should be given. Costs of Germany the MLR should be paid by the state. Many clients find it very difficult to find a doctor or psychologist who can produce MLRs. • There is need for a more systematic way by which decision-makers Foundation House, can draw on appropriate expertise. More medical and psychological Australia expertise needs to be made available to the Tribunal. • Health professionals should be more widely recognised as experts NVFS, USA in the asylum application process by immigration authorities. Recognising victims of torture in national asylum procedures / 77