CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 45. Extra-custodial forms of torture and other ill-treatment by law enforcement officials are a day-today reality around the world that has caused irreparable harm to countless victims and families. To ensure increased awareness, protection and accountability over a long-neglected problem, it is crucial that international monitoring mechanisms, in particular the Committee against Torture, Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), notably SOS-Torture network members, academics and other key actors across the globe name, monitor and report on repressive policing practices using the terms and framework of the absolute prohibition of torture and other CIDTP. 46. It is equally important that policing is conceived as a public service, in this sense, States should be urged to shift from a control-oriented approach to a service-oriented approach 116, guided by democratic values and the protection of the individual’s fundamental rights and freedoms, in particular personal integrity, life, protection from discrimination and the exercise of civic rights and freedoms. 47. The Committee has adopted important recommendations and guidelines on extra-custodial use of force amounting to torture and other ill-treatment from the perspective of articles 2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 16 of the Convention Against Torture, including the deployment of less lethal weapons. 48. Participants at the Thematic Briefing highlighted that States would need more guidance and robust recommendations by the Committee on the following normative and policy areas involving key safeguards to protect against torture and other ill-treatment in extra-custodial settings: a.  he criminalization of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in their penal T codes; b. The need to examine cases of extra-custodial use of force by law enforcement officials from the perspective of articles 1 and 16 of the Convention against Torture; 116. O  SCE, Guidebook on Democratic Policing, 2007, para. 2. 17