4.3 Mission in Kosovo use the training material delivered and the gained knowledge and skills throughout the training, and transfer such training courses to further improve the operational capabilities of rapid reaction teams and regular patrol units in effectively responding to cases involving active shooters. From 28 to 31 October, the Mission organized a research visit on hostage negotiation to the Metropolitan Police in London for the KP focal point and deputy focal point of the hostage rescue unit and a representative from the specialized training division. The visit familiarized police officers with practices and procedures in hostage recovery situations, and assisted them in identifying relevant issues related to developing an instruction for hostage negotiations in Kosovo. This activity was planned as part of a package consisting of specialized training courses and assistance in developing police standard operating procedures on all incidents involving hostage taking. Practices related to ongoing and future training courses on hostage negotiation gained during this visit, combined with the specialized training to be delivered in Kosovo, which will be used in the design and delivery of future training events by the Training Division. Following the research visit, the Mission organized a specialized training on strategies and counterstrategies of hostage negotiation for 14 participants of the same police unit. The course introduced the participants to various types of hostage crises, communication strategies during hostage negotiations, goals of crisis intervention, establishing communication and developing rapports, and high-risk factors in hostage crises. Furthermore, participants had an opportunity to practice their skills on hostage negotiation in kidnapping, hostage taking and suicide cases by employing case studies during the training. From 13 to 15 November, the Mission facilitated a workshop to develop a draft SOP related to hostage negotiation for the KP Directorate of Specialized Units and the Training Division. Through its in-house capacities, the Mission provided expertise regarding training and capacity development, European best practices and human rights standards related to crisis management  cases, and, in particular, to hostage situations. The SOP, subject to approval by the KP’s senior management, sets out the duties and responsibilities of police staff handling hostage situations, describes the strategies and tactics for crisis negotiations, the role of each police officer in this process, and the capacity-building needs in this area. From 19 to 23 November, the Mission organized an additional training course on the psychology of hostage negotiation, which focused on increasing the capacity and crisis 72 intervention skills in hostage negotiation of 14 specialized operations and investigation officers from various police units. During the training, participants were given an opportunity to acquire new skills, including on how to recognize the psychologic state of hostage takers, the legal perspective and importance of hostage negotiation, how to identify signs and indicators of abnormal behaviour in hostage crises situations, as well as intervention methods. Particular attention was given to enhancing the knowledge of participants on hostage negotiations with mentally disordered subjects, including paranoid, depressed, avoidant and dependent, antisocial/ psychopathic and borderline hostage takers. From 3 to 7 December, in the framework of its hostage negotiation capacity-building package, the Mission provided an additional specialized training on strategies and counterstrategies of hostage negotiation to 13 officers of the police hostage rescue unit. This final course introduced participants to modules on hostage crises response, basic hostage negotiation protocols, demands and deadlines, dealing with family members of hostages, short-term stressors, post-traumatic stress, police debriefing and post hostage investigation factors. Participants were actively involved in a range of practical activities, group discussions and interactive scenario based exercises, and had an opportunity to equip themselves with knowledge and best practices related to posttraumatic debriefing and impact, stress management, and the investigation factors following hostage situations. Other, including co-ordination and co-operation On 9 November, in Pejë/Peć, the DHRC of the Mission held a workshop with judges, prosecutors and police investigators from the Pejë/Peć region, with the purpose of identifying challenges and strengthening co-ordination for an appropriate qualification of criminal offences. The 34 justice system actors present reviewed the most effective methods of bringing criminal cases from investigation through to indictment with regard to rule of law and fair trial principles. The participants made concrete conclusions and recommendations aimed at improving the co-ordination between stakeholders in criminal proceedings, while ensuring the protection of the rights of all parties involved. Between 27 February and 1 March, the Mission hosted two experts from ODIHR, who conducted a needs assessment visit prior to training KP officers working in the areas inhabited by Kosovo Roma, Kosovo Ashkali and Kosovo Egyptian community members, to be held in April 2019. The aim of the visit was to understand security concerns and the current perception of law enforcement officials by Kosovo Roma,