effectively. Rigorous work by NGOs and the state Public Prosecutor’s Office continue to expose torture in FEBEM units. Overall, attempts to tackle human rights violations in the FEBEM have failed, and in the first months of 2005, after an unsuccessful attempt by the then FEBEM president to root out and punish corrupt employees, there were large scale disturbances, resulting in numerous riots, many reportedly instigated by FEBEM staff, which saw the destruction of several FEBEM units, deaths of detainees and the transfer of juveniles into the adult prison system. The president of the FEBEM who lead the crackdown subsequently resigned, and human rights groups reported a recent increase in repressive treatment of adolescents, through the use of collective punishment, torture and beatings. Between January 2001 and July 2005, 269 investigations into incidents of torture were passed onto the police by the state public prosecutor’s office. Seventeen separate criminal proceedings have been brought against 227 FEBEM employees. Out of these, 17 employees were convicted at first instance. Training for police, detention personnel, public prosecutors and others involve in law enforcement should include human and constitutional rights, as The training and professionalism of police and other personnel responsible for custody were often inadequate, sometimes to the point of non-existence. A culture of brutality and, often, Non-governmental sources: Though there are numerous courses of human rights education for law-enforcement agencies across the country, implemented by state officials and civil-society, many are ineffective, as they are not integrated into A/HRC/13/39/Add.6 24 extensive access to the system to specified NGOs, certain directors continue to block human rights monitors on the grounds of security.