-41 ‘[T]he promotion of constructive as opposed to confrontational relations between prisoners and staff will serve to lower the tension inherent in any prison environment and by the same token significantly reduce the likelihood of violent incidents and associated ill-treatment. In short, the CPT wishes to see a spirit of communication and care accompany measures of control and containment. Such an approach, far from undermining security in the establishment, might well enhance it.’73 STANDARDS IN FOCUS The concept of security in detention is increasingly recognised as ‘dynamic’ rather than static. This means that security does not depend only on static factors, such as physical (walls, grilles, bars, gates, CCTV) or procedural aspects (searches, controlled movement, alarms, communications, management of keys and categorisation), but is also inherently dependent on dynamic factors, above all the behaviour of prison staff and their relationship with prisoners (see also above § 3.2.1).74 Moreover, staff should operate to high professional and personal standards. It is important that they adopt an ethical approach that values the obligation to treat all prisoners with humanity and with respect for their inherent dignity.75 The European Code of Ethics for Prison Staff provides additional guidance on the overall objectives, performance and accountability of prison staff, based on the following dimensions: accountability, integrity, respect for and protection of human dignity, care and assistance, fairness, impartiality and non-discrimination, cooperation, confidentiality and data protection.76 Prison managements have a duty to ensure that staff are carefully selected.77 Selection criteria should include inter alia integrity, humanity, professional capacity and personal suitability for the complex work as 73. CPT, ‘2nd General Report of the CPT’s Activities, 1 January-31 December 1991’ (1992) CPT/Inf (92) 3, § 45; see also CPT/Inf(2001)16-part, § 26. 74. EPR Rule 51.2. 75. EPR Rules 72ff. 76. CoE, Recommendation CM/Rec(2012)5 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the European Code of Ethics for Prison Staff (2012) s IV. 77. EPR Rule 76-80; Mandela Rules, Rule 75. Monitoring Prison Violence