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raised are for example: ‘Have you ever felt unsafe here? Do
you feel unsafe now? In which areas have you felt unsafe? Have you
ever been victimized by staff here? If yes, what did the incident(s)
involve?’. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
(UNODC) has published simplified excerpts of the survey for
prisoners used in England and Wales and encourages inspection
mechanisms to develop their own questionnaires tailored to
their particular national context.108
NPM Portugal – The Portuguese NPM has adapted the Measuring
the Quality of Prison Life questionnaire and has been using
the tool since the end of 2018 to complement its monitoring
observations. It states that it has receiving very positive feedback
from prisoners, who consider it a rare opportunity to express
their opinion and be heard on relatively taboo topics of life in
prison, like their emotions or the support received in prison.
It allows comparisons of monitoring observations with survey
results, points to issues to consider in future visits and allows
for the analysis of long-term developments in prisons. However,
it was also noted, that resources for analysing the information
received through the surveys are tight.109
4.3.5. Triangulation of sources
All information acquired throughout the visit (or during the
preparation), for instance, survey responses, prison records and
collected data as well as information collected through interviews
with prison staff or managements should, if possible, be crosschecked and verified in interviews with prisoner and vice versa. This
process is called triangulation.110 A final assessment should only be
made at the end of the triangulation process, after enough evidence
has been gathered.
108. Simplified excerpts of the survey can be seen in the UNODC, ‘Assessing Compliance with the Nelson
Mandela Rules – A Checklist for Internal Inspection Mechanisms’ (2017) 75.
109. NPM Portugal, Annual Report 2018 (2019); interview with Portuguese NPM representative, 30 June
2020.
110. For more guidance on triangulation see APT, Monitoring Police Custody: A practical guide (APT 2013)
34.
Monitoring Prison Violence
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