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Table of contents
Executive Summary................................................................................... 8
1.Introduction............................................................................................. 12
2.Understanding prison violence............................................................. 18
2.1.Defining violence.................................................................................. 18
2.1.1. Direct violence............................................................................... 19
2.1.2. Structural violence......................................................................... 20
2.1.3. Cultural violence............................................................................ 20
2.2. Relevant factors for prison violence........................................................ 21
2.3. What works to prevent prison violence.................................................... 22
3. Standards................................................................................................ 25
3.1. When does violence amount to tortute and other forms of
ill-treatment....................................................................................... 26
3.2. Standards to prevent the risk of violence................................................ 26
3.2.1. Security and safety........................................................................ 26
3.2.2. Ensuring accountability and protecting
victims of violence...................................................................... 35
3.2.3. Living conditions of prisoners........................................................ 37
3.2.4.Staff-prisoners relationships, staff professionalism and
working conditions....................................................................... 40
4. Monitoring violence in prison............................................................. 44
4.1. Setting the basis for the effective monitoring of prison violence.................. 44
4.1.1. Gaining a good understanding of prison violence................................ 44
4.1.2. Gaining a good knowledge of standards and clarifying
them when they are too vague......................................................... 46
4.1.3. A systemic approach to monitoring prison violence.......................... 47
4.2. Preparing a visit......................................................................................... 49