EASTERN EUROPE 4.7 Mission to Moldova Background The OSCE Mission to Moldova (the Mission) continued its involvement with the police service in Moldova and its support for capacity building in 2014. This included the provision of assistance and advice related to the ongoing process of police reform, combating trafficking in human beings and addressing domestic violence. The Mission’s efforts to further the development of co-operation between the law enforcement bodies of both parties of the Transdniestria conflict, within the framework of confidence-building measures (CBM), continued to be hampered by the sides’ stance and approach to joint activities. However, some co-operation between the Moldovan Police and Transdniestrian Militia continued on the basis of earlier agreements facilitated by the OSCE. Support to Transdniestria Conflict Settlement Throughout the reporting period, the Mission has been actively involved in the monitoring of the overall security situation in the region and in supporting the resolution of the Transdniestrian conflict within the agreed format(s). The Mission participates in the “5 + 2” negotiation process and is actively involved with all the Joint Confidence Building Measures (CBM) Working Groups that have been created to establish trust between the sides. Of the 11 Working Groups, eight met, which held a total of 25 meetings (the Working Groups on Ecology and Agriculture, on Healthcare and on Law Enforcement did not meet in 2014). One draft protocol was presented to the parties and one protocol from the previous year, the signing of which was facilitated by the Mission, was implemented in 2014. In addition, two draft protocols drafted by the Mission and earlier presented to the parties remain on the table. Two concrete proposals were made in order to facilitate reaching an agreement. In this respect, the Mission also organized a series of CBMs in the form of an annual high-level conference in Germany, titled “Wider Confidence Building in the Transdniestria Conflict Settlement Process”. In 2014, the conference brought together senior representatives of both sides in thematic areas that are covered by the CBM working groups: Economy and Trade, Transportation and Road Infrastructure; Environment and Ecology; and Education. This included round tables and technical working sessions on specific topics relevant to the settlement of the conflict. Police and Justice Sector Reform The Mission was actively involved with international and local agencies in monitoring respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms in the region and in promoting best practices among both parties of the conflict. The Mission’s Rule of Law Programme is a part of the international co-ordination mechanism on the implementation of the Justice Sector Reform Strategy and its Action Plan for 20112016. This has been a comprehensive approach to discuss all the justice-related matters under its six pillars. Pillar 2 is on criminal reform, and the Mission has supported prosecution reform since 2012. In 2014, the Mission co-organized a round-table event with the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) focused on methodologies for 113