PART II  Commitments Relating to Human Rights that are Applicable to All 117 (11.3) - the right of individuals or groups acting on their behalf to communicate with international bodies with competence to receive and consider information concerning allegations of human rights abuses. (…) (40) The participating States (…) will (…) (40.5) -recognize the right of the individual to effective remedies and endeavour to recognize, in conformity with national legislation, the right of interested persons and groups to initiate and support complaints against acts of discrimination, including racist and xenophobic acts; (…) Paris 1990 (A New Era of Democracy, Peace and Unity) We will ensure that everyone will enjoy recourse to effective remedies, national or international, against any violation of his rights. Moscow 1991 (18.2) Everyone will have an effective means of redress against administrative decisions, so as to guarantee respect for fundamental rights and ensure legal integrity. (18.3) To the same end, there will be effective means of redress against administrative regulations for individuals affected thereby. (18.4) The participating States will endeavour to provide for judicial review of such regulations and decisions. Ljubljana 2005 (Decisions: Decision No. 12/05 on Upholding Human Rights and the Rule of Law in Criminal Justice Systems) The Ministerial Council, (…) Recognizing that rule of law must be based on respect for internationally recognized human rights, including the right to a fair trial, the right to an effective remedy, and the right not to be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention, (…) Helsinki 2008 (Decisions: Decision No. 7/08 on Further Strengthening the Rule of Law in the OSCE Area) The Ministerial Council, (…) 4. Encourages participating States, with the assistance, where appropriate, of relevant OSCE executive structures in accordance with their mandates and within existing resources, to continue and to enhance their efforts to share information and best practices and to strengthen the rule of law, inter alia in the following areas: (…)