E/CN.4/2006/6/Add.2 page 10 44. Recommendation (t) stated: Police stations (delegacias) should be transformed into institutions offering a public service. The “clean police stations” (delegacias legais) being pioneered in the State of Rio de Janeiro is a model to be emulated. 45. Recommendation (u) stated: A qualified medical professional (a doctor of choice, where possible) should be available to examine every person on being brought to and on leaving a place of detention. He/she should also have the necessary medicines to meet the detainees’ medical needs and the authority to have the detainees transferred to a hospital independent of the detaining authority if those needs cannot be met. Access to the medical profession should not be dependent on the personnel of the detaining authority. Professionals working in institutions of deprivation of liberty should not be under the authority of the institution, nor the political authority responsible for it. 46. Recommendation (v) stated: The forensic medical services should be under judicial or other independent authority, not under the same governmental authority as the police; nor should they have a monopoly of expert forensic evidence for judicial purposes. 47. Recommendation (w) stated: The appalling overcrowding in some provisional detention facilities and prisons needs to be brought to an immediate end, if necessary by executive action, for example by exercising clemency in respect of certain categories of prisoners, such as first-time non-violent offenders or suspected offenders. The law requiring separation of categories of prisoner should be implemented. 48. Recommendation (x) stated: There needs to be a permanent monitoring presence in every such institution and in places of detention of juveniles, independent of the authority responsible for the institution. The presence would in many places require independent security protection. 49. According to information received from NGOs, concern has been expressed about the interference with human rights groups or officially authorised prison visiting bodies, such as the community council of Rio de Janiero, or conselho da comunidade, a prison inspection body made up of the authorities and civil society to visit prisons and speak to detainees. In that state, the authorities reportedly placed pressure on the judge of the penal executions court, or juiz da vara de execuções penais, to replace the president of the conselho da comunidade, who was widely critical of the state’s prison system. Furthermore, in São Paulo, human rights groups were blocked from visiting the FEBEM juvenile detention system, visited by the Special Rapporteur in 2000, where it is reported that torture and ill-treatment remains widespread and systematic. Although the state authorities of São Paulo have granted extensive access to the system to specified NGOs, certain directors continue to block human rights monitors on the grounds of security. Rigorous work by NGOs and the state Public Prosecutor’s Office continue to expose torture in FEBEM units. Overall, attempts to tackle human rights violations in the FEBEM have failed, and in the first months of 2005, after an unsuccessful attempt by the then FEBEM president to root out and punish corrupt employees, there were large scale disturbances, resulting in numerous riots, many reportedly instigated by FEBEM staff, which saw the destruction of several FEBEM units, deaths of detainees and the transfer of juveniles into the adult prison system. The president of the FEBEM who lead the crackdown has subsequently resigned, and human rights groups have reported a recent increase in repressive treatment of adolescents, through the use of collective punishment, torture and beatings. Between January 2001 and July