70 Human Rights Committee, general comment N° 8 (1982) on the right to liberty and security of persons (art. 9), paras. 1 and 4. 71 See International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (art. 9 (3)–(4)). See also African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, International Pen, Constitutional Rights Project, Interights on behalf of Ken Saro-Wiwa Jr. and Civil Liberties Organisation v. Nigeria, communications N° 137/94, N° 139/94, N° 154/96 and N° 161/97, para. 83. 72 See, for example, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (arts. 1 and 2) and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (art. 26). See further Digest of jurisprudence… (chap. III, sect. K). 73 See Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Advisory Opinion OC-18/03 on the juridical condition and rights of the undocumented migrants, 17 September 2003, para. 101. 74 See, for example, E/CN.4/2006/98, para. 48; Human Rights Committee, general comment N° 29 (2001) on states of emergency (art. 4), paras. 8 and 16; and E/CN.4/2002/18, annex, para. 4 (i). 75 See A/HRC/4/26, paras. 32–62. 76 Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, “Report on terrorism and human rights”, para. 353. 77 European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, “General policy recommendation N° 8 on combating racism while fighting terrorism” (CRI (2004) 26). 78 EU Network of Independent Experts in Fundamental Rights, “The balance between freedom and security in the response by the European Union and its member States to the terrorist threats” (2003), p. 21. 79 See E/CN.4/2005/103, paras. 71–76, and also A/HRC/4/26, paras. 32–62. 80 See, generally, Human Rights Committee, general comment N° 13 (1984). 81 E/CN.4/2005/103, para. 44. 82 See, for example, African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, Media Rights Agenda v. Nigeria, communication N° 224/98 (paras. 59–62) and Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Castillo Petruzzi et al. v. Peru, Judgement of 30 May 1999 (paras. 128–131, 172). 83 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, Martin Scheinin (A/61/267). 84 A/HRC/4/88, paras. 17–22. 85 See, for example, E/CN.4/2005/103, para. 32, and E/CN.4/2006/98, para. 26. 86 For a regional example, see Castillo Petruzzi et al. v. Peru (para. 121). 87 For the latest developments, see http://www.un.org/law/terrorism/index.html. 88 See E/CN.4/2006/98, para. 42. 89 Security Council resolution 1624 (2005), para. 1. 90 See, for example, European Court of Human Rights, Handyside v. United Kingdom,  N° 5493/72, Judgement of 7 December 1976. 91 A/HRC/4/26/Add.3. 92 See “International mechanisms for promoting freedom of expression”, joint declaration of the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Opinion and Expression, the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media, and the OAS Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression (21 December 2005). 54