Table of content 1. Introduction 6 2. Factors of change 10 2.1. Taking a strategic approach on HOW change happens 10 2.1.1. A systemic approach to human rights practice 12 2.1.2. Applying a ‘Formula for Change’ 14 2.1.3. Developing a ‘Theory of Change’ 16 2.2. Gaining a holistic understanding of the problem and why it persists 19 2.3. Establishing a clear vision to guide our strategies 22 2.4. Engaging key stakeholders for change 23 2.4.1. Identification of key stakeholders 24 2.4.2. Engaging state authorities 26 2.4.3. Involvement of suspected and accused persons 27 2.5. Influencing change through peer to peer exchange 27 2.6. Building alliances across movements 28 2.7. Using windows of opportunity and finding innovative and effective ways to strengthen procedural rights 30 3. Tools of change 33 3.1. Research 33 3.2. Advocacy 37 3.3. Strategic Litigation 40 3.4. Training 42 Bibliography 45 5