economic crimes. No execution on any other grounds had been carried out since 1980 but some 30 people were still under sentence of death, mostly for particularly abhorrent crimes. 281. Turning to individual articl~s of the Conveation, the representbtive said that there was no definition of tOtture ia the Penal Code, but the definition in article 1 of the Convention had the force of law in Algeria. 282. With regard to article 2 of the Convention, the repreBentative drew the attention of members of the Committee to a stipulation in the health law to the effect that physicians had to report to the Government Procurator or to the judicial Police any evidence of ill-treatment of minors or persons deprived of their liberty which they came across in the course of their duties. He stated that the P~esident of the Republic, after conr.ultation with relevant State organs, could declare a state of emergency but no such situation had arisen since the adoption of the new Algerian Constitution. There was no direct reference to torture in the regulations 90verning states of exception or siege. With regard to superior orders, the representative said that a superior officer. who ordered a subordinate to commit an unlawful act might be liable to prosecution 83 an accomplice or as the instigator of the act, while the subordinate was prodecuted as buthor of the act. 283. With reference to article 4 of the Convention, the representati~e stated that the Penal Code did not lay down specific penalties for acts of torture but that agents of the State who infringed individual freedoms were subject to a prison sentence of five to ten years. Agents of the State found guilty of acts of torture would receive a priRon sentence ranging from six months to three years. 284. In connection with article 6 of the Convention, the representative explained that the Algerian authorities would detain a person suspected of torture in another country on the request of the State concerned and that the Supreme Court would decide whetner eatradition should take place. 2b5. With regard to article 10 of the Convention, the representative saId that a number of measures had been taken to improve e1ucation and training for legal and judicial personnel, including courses and seminars for jUdges and the jUdicial police. All officials p~rticipating in investigations had special training courses on their obligation to preserve individual freedoms. He also mentioned that three schools for prison of!icers had been opened. With regard to the training of physicians, the representative saId that a council for medical ethics had been established and that physicians received instruction in the international human rights standards to which Algeria was a party. 286. Referring to article 11 of the Convention, the representative stated that the Constitution provided for police custody with a duration of 48 hours, during which time the detainee could communicate with his lawyer, be examined by a physician of his own choice, and at all times enter into direct contact with members of his family. The Governnent prosecutor could in certain instances e3tend this period. Each police station and gendarmerie brigade maintained a register of persons in police custody. The representative provided information on the different cate~ories of detention establishment and added that all establiwhments had to be visited by magistrates, procurators and juges d'~nstruc~. -52-