Interference of the state in the right of custody and visiting rights of the parents would be in
conformity with the rights of the child if a thorough impact analysis is carried out in each
proceeding concerning children to establish all the protection and risk factors affecting the wellbeing of the particular child and to analyse the impact of various possible solutions on the
child’s well-being. Moreover, in each such case the child’s own opinion should be established
if the child’s level of development enables them to express it, and the child’s opinion should be
taken into account in making the decision. This way it is possible to make a decision based on
the best interests of the child.
In addition, several petitions received during the reporting year also revealed the problem that
after the divorce parents did not take sufficient account of the interests and opinion of the child
in organising the child’s life. The petitions revealed that often the parents were occupied only
with their own problems and were not able to act in the interests of the child. Poor relationship
between the parents often significantly damaged the well-being of the child.
In the opinion of the Chancellor, to protect the interests of children in case of legal separation
of the parents the parents should be offered significantly more opportunities for using family
counselling and conciliation services. In doing this, it is important that the services are made
available everywhere in Estonia and are affordable for parents. It is important to support parents
so that they are able to offer a safe and supporting environment for the child also after
separation.
Problems with taking account of the interests of the child in executing court rulings concerning
visiting rights also continued to be topical during the reporting year.94
The following part contains an overview of the selected proceedings in 2014.
1. Separation of children from the family, organisation of the life of children separated
from the family, and visiting rights of the parents of children separated from the
family
The competence of the Chancellor of Justice as the supervisory body in verifying the activities
of local authorities in separating a child from the family is limited because the Chancellor
cannot prescribe to a local authority how exactly it should have assessed a particular situation
or what kind of a decision it should have made. Assessment of the situation of the child and
deciding the need for intervention is a discretionary decision of each local authority and the
Chancellor, similarly to a court, when examining the decision may only verify whether any
significant errors of discretion occurred when making the decision.
Moreover, when a petition concerning the separation of a child from the family is submitted to
the Chancellor a court dispute over custody rights is often pending. The Chancellor may not
give an assessment on issues in respect of which court proceedings are ongoing. Thus, the
94
The Supreme Court en banc has pointed out that the full procedure for the execution of a special court decision
regulating contacts between a parent and a child under visiting rights is not regulated with sufficient clarity under
the Code of Enforcement Procedure and, therefore, the regulation in combination with § 563 of the Code of Civil
Procedure needs to be supplemented or amended, so as to ensure the existence of a clear procedure for the
execution of a court decision regulating contacts between a parent and a child and a swift and effective execution
of such a decision. In more detail, see the Supreme Court en banc ruling of 17 December 2013 No 3-2-1-4-13,
para 55.
49
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