CAT/C/COL/CO/5 The Committee draws the State party’s attention to its general comment No. 3 (2012), particularly paragraphs 6, 11 through 15, 32 and 39, which provide a detailed description of the nature and scope of States parties’ obligation to provide victims of torture with redress and the means for full rehabilitation. Confessions obtained under duress 23. While taking note of the guarantees set forth in the Constitution, in other laws and in jurisprudence regarding evidence obtained under torture or ill-treatment, the Committee is concerned by the fact that the State party has not provided it with recent examples of instances in which the courts have dismissed cases because of the submission of evidence or testimony obtained under torture or ill-treatment (art. 15). The State party should take effective steps to ensure that confessions obtained under torture or ill-treatment are ruled inadmissible. It should also expand its targeted training programmes on the application of the Manual on the Effective Investigation and Documentation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Istanbul Protocol) for judges, prosecutors, forensic physicians and all other medical personnel who deal with prisoners. Training 24. The Committee applauds the State party’s efforts to provide human rights training and training dealing with the provisions of the Convention. It is regrettable, however, that the Committee has not received information about the development of mechanisms for assessing the effectiveness of training programmes for law enforcement officers and military personnel as a means of reducing the number of cases of torture and ill-treatment (art. 10). The State party should: (a) Continue to conduct mandatory training programmes in order to ensure that all civil servants fully understand the provisions of the Convention, are well informed about the offences that will not be tolerated and that will be investigated and are fully aware that the perpetrators of such offences will be prosecuted; (b) Establish a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of training programmes as a means of reducing the number of cases of torture and ill-treatment. Independence of the judiciary 25. The Committee condemns the murder of Judge Gloria Constanza Gaona Rangel on 22 March 2011 in Saravena, Arauca, and decries the threats and acts of intimidation directed at judges and prosecutors during the reporting period. The Committee takes note of the information provided by the delegation which indicates that 144 risk assessments were conducted in 2014 of the security situation with respect to justice officials involved in the trials of persons charged with human rights violations and in land restitution processes. The Committee finds it regrettable that it did not receive sufficient information during its dialogue with the delegation of the State party about the measures adopted to ensure the safety and independence of the staff of the Prosecution Service (art. 2). The State party should protect judges and prosecutors from threats and attacks and should ensure the immediate, thorough investigation of such acts and the prosecution and punishment of the guilty parties. 8 GE.15-08413