Supplementary State party’s submissions
business in the language of their choice, and have
been personally affected by the restrictions at issue.
They refer to trial testimony identifying the personal
aspect of the advertising in the present case. Finally,
the authors argue that if this ground of
inadmissibility were to be accepted, it would exclude
almost all commercial expression from Covenant
protection, as most people engaged in trade do so
through the vehicle of a corporation.
6.1 By Note of 24 August 2004, the State party
reiterated its submissions of admissibility, pointing
out in particular that the current authors were not
involved in the domestic proceedings, their
corporation being the only party. The Committee has
consistently decided that only individuals can submit
a communication, and the inadmissibility of the
communication does not have an impact on the
scope of article 19’s protection of commercial
speech.
5.2 Secondly, as to domestic remedies, the authors
reject the State party’s submissions. They argue that
the remarks of the Supreme Court of Canada in Ford
and Devine to the effect that that French “marked
predominance” requirement was justified in Charter
terms were entirely based on considerations relating
to the vulnerability of the French language and the
visage linguistique of Québec. In the authors’ view,
these considerations did not meet the cumulative
requirements of article 19, paragraph 3, and are thus
in violation of the Covenant.
6.2 The State party emphasizes that the Superior
Court invited counsel for the corporation to add to
his evidence if he wished to do so in the context of a
new trial. He declined to do so, preferring instead to
obtain a judgment that he could appeal. After having
declined the Superior Court’s invitation, he again
sought to add evidence before the Court of Appeal,
which denied the application on behalf as the new
evidence was not related to the judicial debate
framed by the corporation itself in the lower courts
and on appeal. The authors cannot before the
Committee seek to review the strategic decisions of
counsel to limit evidence and narrowly define the
issues in the domestic courts.
5.3 The authors argue that they did not refuse to
introduce new evidence on the vulnerability of the
French language and the visage linguistique of
Québec to the Superior Court, on first appeal. Before
the Superior Court, they stated that they would
prefer to introduce such new evidence before him,
rather than at a new trial. They contend the Superior
Court misinterpreted this statement to mean a
renunciation to provide any evidence at all, even
before him. They point out, moreover, that in Ford
and Devine, the Québec Government supplied
evidence on the vulnerability of the French language
for the first time at the level of the Supreme Court of
Canada.
6.3 The State party argues that it is clear that the
authors mainly seek to challenge before the
Committee a question of burden of proof in
Canadian law. That issue has already been resolved
before the domestic courts, who are currently
examining the separate question of the
constitutionality of section 58 of the Charter of the
French language with its “marked predominance”
requirement.
5.4 The authors point out that they filed extensive
evidence not before the Supreme Court in Ford and
Devine, including documentation relating to
Canada’s Covenant obligations, the submissions of
the parties and the Committee’s decisions in
McIntyre and Singer and State practice in the area.
They argue that the Superior Court judgment, upheld
on appeal, had the effect of imposing a burden on an
accused (to supply certain evidence) without
allowing the accused to meet that burden, in
violation of article 14. The fact, moreover, that other
proceedings are challenging the “marked
predominance” requirement does not change the fact
that the present authors have exhausted available
domestic remedies for their convictions.
Issues and proceedings before the Committee
7.1 Before considering any claim contained in a
communication, the Human Rights Committee must,
in accordance with rule 93 of its rules of procedure,
decide whether or not the communication is
admissible under the Optional Protocol to the
Covenant.
7.2 The Committee observes, on the issue of
exhaustion of domestic remedies, that the authors’
corporation, at the level of the Superior Court,
expressly declined the Court’s invitation to tender
evidence going to the alleged insufficiency of
justification of section 58 of the Charter of the
French Language, being evidence not before the
Supreme Court of Canada at the time it had
suggested that a “marked predominance”
requirement for French was acceptable. Instead, the
corporation was content to argue the issue on burden
of proof only. The Court of Appeal, for its part,
rejected the corporation’s application to file
additional evidence on the basis that it was beyond
5.5 Thirdly, the authors argue that they have
more than sufficiently supported their allegations,
more than sufficiently identified the rights
protected under the Covenant, and more than
sufficiently described the conduct in violation of
those rights. The communication should thus be
declared admissible.
49
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