violation of articles 7 and 10 in the absence of some
further compelling circumstances.4 It states that the
facts and circumstances of each case need to be
examined, and that in the past the Committee has
had regard to the relevant personal factors of the
author, the specific conditions of detention on death
row and whether the proposed method of execution
is particularly abhorrent. No such circumstances
apply in this case. Moreover, it states that, where the
delay in awaiting execution is the fault of the
accused, such as where he escapes custody, the
accused cannot be allowed to take advantage of this
delay. In this case, the delay arises from the author’s
own criminal acts, his escape and the robberies he
committed in Canada.5
Contrary to the author’s view, that this remedy
would not be useful as it would be limited to the
jurisdiction of the court rather than the merits of the
case, the State party argues that the author’s petition
was dismissed for both procedural and substantive
reasons, and, therefore, the Court of Appeal could
have reviewed the judgement on the merits.
4.6 The State party contends that the author has
failed to show that his detention and subsequent
removal to the United States raise any issues under
articles 6, 7, 10 or 14, paragraph 5 of the Covenant.
If the Committee is of the opinion that these articles
do apply to the instant case, the State party argues
that the author has failed to substantiate any of these
claims for the purposes of admissibility.
4.11 With respect to the alleged violation of
article 6, the State party states that the author has
provided no authority for his proposition that
detaining an individual for crimes committed in that
State despite the fact that the same person has been
sentenced to death in another State raises an issue
under article 6. The author was sentenced in Canada
for robberies he committed there and is not facing
the death penalty in Canada.
4.7 With respect to the alleged violation of
articles 7 and 10, the State party argues that the
author has not cited any authority in support of his
proposition that the “death row phenomenon” can
apply to a prisoner detained in an abolitionist State
for crimes committed in that State, where that person
has been previously sentenced to capital punishment
in another State. The author was sentenced to
imprisonment for robberies he committed in Canada
and was not on death row in Canada. It is submitted,
therefore, that the “death row phenomenon” does not
apply in the circumstances and he has no claim
under articles 7 and 10.
4.12 The State party contends that the author has
failed to substantiate his claim that his deportation
from Canada would violate article 6. It recalls the
Committee’s jurisprudence that “if a State party
takes a decision relating to a person within its
jurisdiction and the necessary and foreseeable
consequences is that the person’s rights under the
Covenant will be violated in another jurisdiction, the
State party itself may be in violation of the
Covenant.”6 The State party also invokes the
Committee’s decision in Reid v. Jamaica, when it
decided that the requirement of article 6 that a
sentence of death may be “imposed in accordance
with the law” implied that the procedural guarantees
prescribed in the Covenant were observed.7
According to the State party, if the procedural
guarantees of the Covenant were observed, there is
no violation of article 6. The only due process issue
raised by the author was the narrower appeal of
4.8 On the author’s argument that the sentencing
in Canada had no valid objective as he had been
sentenced to death in the United States, the State
party submits that the sentencing principle of
retribution, denunciation and deterrence require the
imposition of a sentence in Canada for crimes
committed in Canada.
4.9 According to the State party, if fugitives in
Canada facing the death penalty were not prosecuted
and sentenced for crimes in Canada, this would lead
to potential abuses. First, it would create a double
standard of justice. Such fugitives would be immune
from prosecution while individuals not facing the
death penalty would be prosecuted and sentenced,
even though the crime committed in Canada was the
same in both cases. Similarly, it would encourage
lawlessness among such fugitives since in Canada
they would be de facto immune from prosecution
and imprisonment. In essence, fugitives sentenced to
death for murder in the United States would be given
a “carte blanche” to commit subsequent offences in
Canada.
4
The State party refers to the following cases Pratt and
Morgan v. Jamaica, Communication Nos. 210/1986,
225/1987, Barrett and Sutcliffe v. Jamaica,
Communication Nos. 270/1988, 271/1988, Kindler v.
Canada, Communication No. 470/1990, Views adopted
on 30 July 1993, Johnson v. Jamaica, Communication
No. 588/1994 and Francis v. Jamaica, Communication
No. 606/1994.
4.10 If the Committee were to find that the facts of
this case do raise issues under articles 7 and 10, the
State party submits that the author has not
substantiated a violation of these articles for the
purposes of admissibility. The State party argues that
the Committee has on many occasions reiterated that
lengthy detention on death row does not constitute a
5
The State party refers to Pratt and Morgan, supra,
Wallen and Baptiste (No. 2) (1994), 45 W.I.R. 405 at 436
(C.A., Trinidad and Tobago).
87
6
Kindler, supra.
7
Reid v. Jamaica, Communication No. 250/1987.
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