On 2-3 November 2010, the “Third East European Conference on National Preventive Mechanisms, Combating and Investigating Ill-treatment”, took place in Odessa. The event, which was organized by the PCU in cooperation with the Council of Europe/European Union Joint Programme on Combating Ill-treatment and Impunity in South Caucasus, Moldova and Ukraine, gathered 70 participants from nine participating States, experts from the OSCE and the Council of Europe as well as Ukrainian civil servants, police and law-enforcement officers. The event was devoted to the issues of enhancing the NPMs in Ukraine; familiarizing the governmental agencies of Ukraine involved in the deprivation of freedom with the NPM concept and best practices; gaining valuable experience from other East European countries in implementing the OPCAT; and developing broader co-operation between Ukrainian authorities and civil society in preventing torture and ill-treatment. The conference resulted in concrete recommendations and policy proposals on furthering the OPCAT implementation, and improving ill-treatment investigation procedures. Trafficking in Human Beings During 2010, the OSCE PCU implemented a number of activities aimed at assisting Ukrainian authorities in combating trafficking in human beings. These activities were conducted within the framework of projects funded from both the OSCE’s Unified Budget and ExB contributions. The expertise of various OSCE institutions, including the SPMU, was used in designing and implementing some of these activities, as described below. In line with Ukraine’s State Programme on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings, which stipulates the improvement of national anti-trafficking legislation as one of its primary tasks, the PCU provided legislative assistance to Ukrainian authorities focusing on the finalization of a comprehensive anti-trafficking law and the development of a new State Anti-Trafficking Programme for 2011-2015. During the reporting period, the PCU supported the Interagency Working Group responsible for drafting these anti-trafficking documents. The drafts were to be reviewed by the relevant national actors in 2011. The PCU, in co-operation with the Ministry for Family, Youth and Sports continued with the implementation of a three-year project on the development of a state-led National Referral Mechanism (NRM). During the reporting period, two NRM pilot models were adopted and have been tested in the Chernivtsi and Donetsk regions. To facilitate this testing, capacitybuilding training activities for over 200 representatives of regional NRM stakeholders, including front-line and specialized police units, were carried out, with over 100 trainers trained to cascade the acquired knowledge and skills on a sustainable basis at the regional, and national level. The relevant training curricula for the stakeholder institutions were being adopted, to be used as of the academic year 2011. Two monitoring visits by representatives of both NRM governmental stakeholders on a national level, including police and international organizations were made to the pilot regions in November 2010. As a result of these visits, members of the NRM Monitoring Group were going to submit reports that would serve as a basis for the national recommendations on which of the two pilot models could be used most effectively throughout Ukraine. As part of its efforts to support the development of the Ukrainian National Referral Mechanism, the PCU, in co-operation with the MoI organized during May and June eight one-day training course for the Heads of the Regional Departments of Precinct Police Services in the Cherkassy, Chernihiv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kirovohrad, Kyiv, Poltava and Sumy regions and in the city of Kyiv, followed by 48 training courses for field level precinct police inspectors in the above mentioned regions. In total, over 1,100 participants benefited from these courses. Furthermore, meetings, organized in co-operation with the regional antitrafficking NGOs, aimed at encouraging precinct police inspectors to strengthen their outreach work in local communities and be more proactive in the prevention of human trafficking as well as in identifying and referring victims of THB to further assistance. 69