3.5 The Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings Background The Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (OSR/CTHB) pays considerable attention to facilitating awareness raising of the police, promoting the human rights-based approach, calling for better co-operation between the law enforcement and the civil society institutions, especially NGOs – the main service providers for the THB victims. The OSR advocates for the establishment of the National Referral Mechanism (NRM), which has been developed by the ODIHR. The OSR closely co-operates with the SPMU on those activities which touch upon or otherwise relate to police aspects of countering THB. In 2010, six professional staff members of the Office of the Special Representative and Coordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings were fully engaged in addressing Trafficking in Human Beings (THB) as an integral part of organized crime, and especially its new dimension of a serious transnational threat. Trafficking in Human Beings With a view to overcome the lack of knowledge on the criminal aspects of trafficking in human beings, in 2010, the OSR/CTHB, in co-operation with UN.GIFT, completed the research Analysing the Business Model of Trafficking in Human Beings to Better Prevent the Crime, carried out by globally recognized experts in the fields of criminology, social science, migration, gender, and trafficking in human beings. This research was designed to provide a new perspective on trafficking, still viewed by many through the lens of illegal migration. The research includes various models and cases, addresses the challenging area of the prevention of this lucrative crime in the first place, and contributes to awareness raising, improving knowledge of this complex issue in the participating States. The research is a clear proof of the organized crime nature of THB, as well as its integral links with other forms of organized crime, such as corruption, money laundering, documents’ fraud, illegal migration, rape, kidnapping, violence, and many others. Its business model analysis helps to identify crucial elements to consider when designing and implementing anti-trafficking legislation, policies and interventions. The research was published and widely distributed among participating States and international organizations, and is being translated into Russian. In 2010, the OSR/CTHB also provided comments on the 2007-2010 CIS Programme of Cooperation in Combating Trafficking in Human Beings with a view to contribute to the draft 2011-2013 programme which was adopted in December 2010 by the CIS Heads of State. Having as a background the OSCE Ministerial Decision MC.DEC/16/05 on Highest Standards of Conduct and Accountability of Persons Serving on International Missions and Forces, as well as the OSCE and NATO Codes of Conduct, the OSR, on 25-26 February, contributed to the one-week training programme, by the NATO Partnership for Peace Training Centre in Ankara. The training aimed to provide NATO personnel with a basic knowledge of trafficking in human beings and raise awareness of this phenomenon as a serious crime and human rights violation. The OSR/CTHB contribution focused on the human rights-based approach to THB, and aimed at preventing the involvement of NATO and Partners’ personnel in facilitating trafficking or using the services of trafficked persons. On 19-20 April, the OSR/CTHB provided technical assistance to the CIS International Training Centre in Minsk by contributing to the training course “Counteraction to trafficking in human beings: the systems analysis, international cooperation and perfection of the law enforcement practices”. 38 participants from the police, public prosecutors’ offices, border 32