In order to advance regional co-operation among anti-organized crime specialists in South Eastern Europe, the LED delivered two “Regional Surveillance Training Courses” for law enforcement officials from Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. With OSCE-certified trainers from the MoI, the participants expanded their expertise in covert surveillance at operational level, but also on training techniques. This event complemented the implementation of the Police Cooperation Convention for Southeast Europe. ****** 4.5 The OSCE Spillover Monitor Mission to Skopje Background The work of the Police Development Department (PDD) is based on the Mission' s original Mandate in Policing and on the OSCE Ministerial Council and Permanent Council Decisions stemming from the Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA). The original Mandate called on the Mission to assist in training and in recruiting 1,000 new cadets from communities not in the majority in the population and in ensuring a phased and co-ordinated redeployment of the national Police Service to the former crisis areas. Following completion of the above task, in 2003, the Mandate of the Department was expanded13 to include assistance to the Host Country (HC) in reforming its police service to bring it up to international democratic policing standards and practices. To this end, the PDD has been delivering and facilitating police training, supporting the development of a national Community Policing Programme, as well as providing expertise at policy planning level. As in 2009, the PDD remained committed in 2010 to address pending issues mainly related to Annex C, Paragraph 5.3 of the OFA. These issues included providing assistance in establishing a professional training system, technical assistance to police reform as related to the implementation of the Law on Internal Affairs (LoIA) and, more specifically, the decentralization process envisaged by national laws and relevant strategic documents14. 2010 was a period of relative progress in the implementation of police reform. A large impact on the outlook of the PDD’s programme had the passage of the LoIA in mid-2009 which set new standards in the MoIA’s human resources management system. By introducing a meritbased career and appraisal system and by including provisions that prevent police officers from holding official duties in political parties, the law created a new challenge for the Government to increase its accountability and engage in its effective implementation. This, in turn, had prompted the Department to partner with other international organizations and participate in an inter-agency working group tasked to advocate for the effective implementation of the LoIA and its associated bylaws. To sustain the reform and build an effective police service at the local level, the PDD undertook a major reorganization of its financial and human resources and introduced in 2010 a new system of co-location in the scope of which OSCE’s police advisers were deployed to regional organizational units to work with police inspectors of prevention and 13 14 Further to the signing of the OFA in 2001 and responding to the provisions set forth by its Annex C Article 5.3, the Mission and the Host Government signed a MoU outlining the specific tasks for achieving the OFA’s requests in the field of police reform, including training and other technical and expert assistance. Annex 1 of the MoU specifically provides for the Mission’s support in the form of police training delivery and promoting community-oriented policing practices. See, inter alia the Police Reform Strategy (2004); the Law on Police (2006); and the Law on Local Self-Government (2002) 59