Objectives and structure of the report This document is the outcome report of the third Jean-Jacques Gautier Symposium on monitoring psychiatric institutions. It does not provide a detailed account of the fruitful discussions which took place over two days, but aims to emphasise the issues and challenges of monitoring deprivation of liberty in psychiatric institutions, and to present certain points for consideration identified during the discussions on how to implement NPMs’ preventive mandate. The report contains a first introductory part, which presents the general framework and main definitions relating to the subject. Part two deals with the principles and standards relating to deprivation of liberty and treatment in psychiatric institutions, and the challenges of implementing them in practice. Part three identifies the main situations and risk factors for torture and other ill-treatment. Finally, the fourth and last part covers the role of NPMs in monitoring psychiatric institutions and their daily methodological questioning by identifying examples of good practices that emerged from these discussions. 3