Acknowledgements This report is an account of the discussions held during the third Jean-Jacques Gautier Symposium on the monitoring of psychiatric institutions. APT would like to thank everyone who attended this event, NPM representatives and international experts, for their active participation and valuable contributions. APT would also like to thank Isabelle Heyer and Caroline Mouchet, who organised this Symposium and drafted this report. The APT also wishes to commend the contributions and support of other APT staff involved in the project, before and after the Symposium, in particular Catherine Felder, Jean-Sébastien Blanc, Barbara Bernath, Veronica Filippeschi, Sylvia Dias, Rosita Ericsson and Mireille Gheryani. v