peacetime offences since the Constitutional Court ruled in December 1999 that capital punishment is inconsistent with the Constitution in times of peace. Malta, which ratified Protocol No. 6 of the ECHR in 1991, also retains the death penalty only for military crimes in times of war. Four participating States fully retain capital punishment for peacetime and wartime crimes but have introduced official or unofficial moratoria: Armenia (1991), Kyrgyzstan (1998), the Russian Federation (1996), and Turkey (1984). In Bosnia-Herzegovina, one of the two entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, abolished capital punishment in 1998, while the other entity, Republika Srpska, retains the death penalty for a range of peactime and wartime offences, albeit there exists a de facto moratorium on the passing of death sentences. Executions are confirmed to have taken place in at least four participating States during the period under review: in Belarus, Chechnya (within the Russian Federation), Kyrgyzstan17 and the United States of America. Tajikistan, Turkmenistan18, and Uzbekistan are believed to have carried out the death penalty, although no officially confirmed information was available. In Kazakhstan, which also retains the death penalty, no executions were reported officially or unofficially. 4.1. Albania On 10 December 1999, the Constitutional Court of Albania decided that the death penalty is incompatible with the new 1998 Constitution in times of peace and thus de facto abolished capital punishment for all peacetime offences, although the Criminal Code has not yet been amended accordingly. All death sentences have been commuted to sentences of life following the Court's decision, which is binding to all courts19. Albania so far has neither signed nor ratified Protocol No. 6 to the ECHR, although the deadline to which Albania agreed upon accession to the Council of Europe in 1995 expired on 13 July 199820. Create PDF in your applications with the Pdfcrowd HTML to PDF API PDFCROWD