e) Efforts should also be made to separate convicted criminals from suspects. Urgent measures should also be taken to separate juveniles from adults. Special facilities should be established in all regions to take care of juveniles at odds with the law. Incarceration is not the best option for juveniles especially in prisons where they do not continue with their education. Therefore, borstal institutions and reformation centres should be established in all the regions. Juvenile courts should also be established in the regions; f) Steps should be taken to expedite investigations and prosecution of cases in order to ensure justice. The speedier the trial process, the lesser will be the burden on the state because when more detainees are released the number of inmates to be cared for by the state is reduced. The Government should determine the body with the constitutional mandated to try the Gambella detainees as the judicial ping-pong regarding their trial is delaying justice, and justice delayed is justice denied. g) The government should permit prison authorities to use proceeds from prison farms and other income generating activities to improve the welfare of prisoners rather than send the money to government coffers. However, appropriate accounting procedures should be put in place to ensure that the money is not misused by the authorities; h) Expectant and nursing mothers including elderly people of more than seventy years old should not be sent to prison; i) Urgent efforts should be made to erase the discrimination of women especially in the process of rehabilitation. Vocational training facilities should be established for both men and women and where there isn’t enough space to establish separate facilities; both men and women should be trained in shifts; j) The procedure for granting pardon and clemency should be simplified and explained to both the prison staff and prisoners; k) Urgent measures should be taken to dispose of the cases of the former Dergue officials and the government should ensure that they are tried under internationally recognised fair trial procedures. Political prisoners should be released and/or granted pardon. l) Government should encourage periodic inter-regional staff exchanges and organise workshops to train prison officials on latest prison policies and management techniques. If this workshop is organised at national level, efforts should be made to replicate the same at regional level; m) The government should ensure that persons detained in police stations are held under humane conditions. Reasonable allocations should therefore be made for the upkeep of such persons until they are transferred to prison; 46 Report of the Mission of the Special Rapporteur on Prisons to Ethiopia 15 – 29 March 2004