The Federal prisons receive their funding directly from the federal government and after
the adoption of Proclamation 365 of 2003; they are being managed by the Federal Prison
Commission. The federal prisons are better in terms of infrastructure, budgetary
allocations and management than regional prisons.
b) Regional Prison Administration
The regions represent the different ethnic groups that make up modern Ethiopia. Each
region is dominated by a particular ethnic group and it seems those regions with no
dominant ethnic group like Dire Dawa and Addis Ababa are made federal administrative
regions. Thus, in the Oromia Region, the Oromos constitute the majority, and in Amhara,
the Amharas.
Each region has its own prison laws or regulations which must not depart from
Proclamation 365 of 2003 and the values of the 1995 Constitution. Each region provides
for the welfare of its prisoners in accordance with its available resources. Thus, while
some regions provide formal and vocational training to inmates, some regions could not
afford. The Dippo Prison in the Oromia Region, for example, has wood and metal
workshops while Arba Minch and Awasa prisons in the Southern Nations, Nationalities
and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) has no schools for either formal or vocational education.
While Arba Minch Prison has a large prison farm, the Harar Prison suffers from a serious
shortage of water.
According to the administrative structure in Ethiopia, each region is divided into zones.
The zones are further divided into either Special Woredas or Woredas, and the Woredas
are also divided into Kebeles, the latter being the smallest administrative unit, at
community level. Prisons are also classified into Zonal, Special Woreda and Woreda
prisons – depending on the size of the prison. There are prisons in all the Zones and the
Woredas and there is hardly any prison in the Kebeles.
8
Report of the Mission of the Special Rapporteur on Prisons to Ethiopia
15 – 29 March 2004