representatives of the NPMs who took part in the summer university in its visits to places of deprivation of liberty. On the issue of minors deprived of liberty, the CGLPL helped to launch the practical guide "Monitoring places where children are deprived of liberty" as part of the Children’s rights behind bars project – the leading partner for which is the Belgian NGO "Defence for Children International" (DEI). At European level, the CGLPL was invited to share its experience during the conference organised in Brussels to present the guide. At national level, a meeting and panel discussion were organised on the guide by DEI France in the premises of the Chief Inspectorate, with representatives of the Ministry of Justice (Judicial youth protection service/PJJ, prison administration, cabinet), Defender of Rights, lawyers and representatives of associations and international organisations. One inspector also took part in the summer course on the rights of the child and criminal justice for minors organised at the Université de Moncton in Canada by the Child and Youth Advocate of New Brunswick. Another event that the CGLPL attended was the Symposium Jean-Jacques Gautier, which is organised by the APT every year on a vulnerable group of people in detention. This year, visits to psychiatric institutions were the theme of the Symposium, which brought together fifteen representatives of NPMs and other bodies involved in the prevention of torture, such as experts from the SPT and CPT. The CGLPL took part in a training initiative organised by the Council of Europe for its Kazakh counterpart, and welcomed several delegations. At European level, the Chief Inspector wanted to meet with the President of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) to discuss common concerns. At the same time, the CGLPL initiated discussions on the supervision of the execution of the ECHR's judgments. These discussions particularly follow on from the Brussels High-Level Conference on the implementation of the European Convention on Human Rights and the execution of ECHR judgments, aimed at increasing the involvement of States and national institutions that are competent in human rights in the process of putting ECHR judgments into effect. As part of these discussions, the CGLPL organised a meeting with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, met with the CNCDH and attended a working day at the National Assembly, organised by the French delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. Moreover, the CGLPL and CNCDH submitted written observations to the Court under the provisions of Article 36, Paragraph 2, of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and of Article 44 of the Rules of Court, in the context of the cases F.R. v. France (app. no. 12792/15) and three other appeals lodged on 10 March 2015 and J.M.B. v. France (app. no. 9671/15) and nine other appeals. The particular aim of this intervention was to uphold that the physical detention conditions in the prisons concerned by the appeals are symptomatic of a recurring problem in France: prison overcrowding, the harmful effects of which incur a risk of violation of Article 3 of the Convention. The CGLPL also contributed to research conducted by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute on strengthening and implementing European law and cooperation between NPMs and the judicial institutions, and for which two conferences were held in Vienna. The impact of the management of Islamist radicalisation on prisoners' fundamental rights is a subject on which the CGLPL has become a voice of authority, following its two reports on the topic. As such, several meetings have been organised on the matter, in particular a panel discussion in London hosted by the Human Rights Implementation Centre and Justice Initiative, in which representatives of NPMs, the SPT and academics all took part, with representatives of Think-Tanks from the Maghreb (North Africa) and Middle East as well as European institutional representatives with a close interest in the question also in attendance. 93