FACTSHEET • Is there an unofficial system of privileges among detainees? • Do vulnerable groups or persons have to pay to access certain services, or are they treated equally to others? 4. What can monitoring bodies do? Monitoring bodies should acknowledge the direct relevance of concerns relating to pre-trial detention for their mandate. They should seek to detect and address systemic deficiencies that contribute to excessive and prolonged use of pre-trial detention, and thereby to torture and ill-treatment. In countries with a high ratio of pre-trial detainees, monitoring bodies may want to consider a comprehensive assessment and thematic report. Various risk factors relevant to pre-trial detention relate to the broader administration of justice in a given country and to stakeholders beyond the prison administration, prison staff and ministries responsible for prisons. While interviews with detainees remain an important source of knowledge, an assessment of pre-trial detention will require information to be gathered from a multitude of stakeholders, some of them not traditionally interviewed by monitoring bodies. These may include Ministries of Justice, prosecutors, judges, magistrates, lawyers’ associations, legal aid providers or trade unions of police officers and prison guards. 10 | Penal Reform International | Pre-trial detention: Addressing risk factors to prevent torture and ill-treatment