4 Design, physical conditions and regime in solitary confinement units 39 4.1 Introduction 39 4.2 International standards regarding prison conditions and regime 40 4.3 Research findings and recommendations regarding prison design and environmental factors 49 4.4 Human rights case law regarding regime and physical conditions in segregation units 51 4.5 Concluding remarks on regime and conditions of confinement in segregation and high security units 53 5  he role of health professionals in segregation units: T ethical, human rights and professional guidelines 57 5.1 Introduction: ethics as applied to prison medicine 57 5.2 Issues regarding prison medicine in solitary confinement units 58 5.3 Case law regarding the provision of medical care in prison 65 6 Monitoring and inspecting solitary confinement units 69 7 Summary of recommendations 73 Appendix 1 75 Selected texts Appendix 2 78 The Istanbul statement on the use and effects of solitary confinement Acronyms and abbreviations 83 Links & Resources 84 Bibliography 85