cells at the Aluche CIE are provided with at least 4m2 of living space per person. Moreover, the CPT reiterates its recommendation, dating back to its 2011 periodic visit, that the authorities improve the range of activities on offer to persons accommodated in CIEs. The Committee found, in general, that the health-care services in both CIEs were sufficiently resourced, and that foreign nationals had rapid access to a doctor. However, it recommends that regular consultations with a dentist and a psychiatrist be available at both CIEs and that measures be taken at the Zona Franca CIE to guarantee confidentiality during all medical examinations. Furthermore, the CPT recommends that all police officers assigned to work in CIEs receive training in inter-cultural communication, physical techniques of restraint and prevention of ill-treatment. They should also not openly carry truncheons within the detention areas. The report recalls the necessity to respect fundamental safeguards in the course of an operation of forced return and expulsion of a foreign national (e.g. the possibility to inform a lawyer of a deportation order and the recording of every recourse to means of restraint). In their response, the Spanish authorities provide an account of the various training activities in place for law enforcement officers working at Aluche and Zona Franca CIEs in the field of human rights protection and the development of inter-personal skills. They also refer to measures introduced in order to improve the quality of the provision of health care of detained persons and to preserve the confidentiality of their medical examinations. 55. The report also describes aspects of the treatment of foreign nationals in the border fence area with Morocco in Melilla. The Committee recalls that on the basis of the principle of nonrefoulement, the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights and CPT standards, states cannot deport a migrant before having carried out proper screen­ing with a view to identifying persons in need of protection, assessing those needs and taking appropriate action. The Committee recommends that adequate guarantees to this effect be provided in the national legislation and that Spanish law enforcement officials be instructed accordingly. In Melilla, several allegations were received of excessive use of force by members of the Guardia Civil when apprehending irregular migrants at the border. Reference is made to the incident of 15 October 2014 during which an irregular migrant was subjected to repeated baton blows and totally inappropriate treatment. The CPT requested that a prompt and effective inquiry be carried out into this specific incident. Further, the Committee recommends that members of the Guardia Civil receive appropriate training in professional techniques which minimise harm to any individual whom they are seeking to apprehend. The Committee is particularly concerned by the credible allegations of physical violence, sometimes of a severe nature, perpetrated by members of the Moroccan Auxiliary Forces (MAF) on foreign nationals. They described being kicked and punched and receiving blows with wooden sticks and branches by members of the MAF. These violent acts occurred after the foreign nationals had been apprehended by the MAF between the border fences, within Spanish territory, or once they had been returned to Morocco. It was also alleged that MAF officers actively shook the fence to force any Publication highlights ► Page 25