CASE STUDIES Methodology: The two case studies can best be discussed by a panel which would include recognized experts in the medical and psychiatric fields. The trainees should be encouraged to ask questions when appropriate in order to ensure that their understanding of the medical and psychiatric conditions is as complete as possible for a lay person, and that the requirements of the instruments, in this area, are sufficiently clear for them to take the knowledge back to their workplace with confidence. Points to be highlighted/suggested areas for discussion: CASE STUDY 1 39. – The panel will expand on the need for the medical officer to take charge of arrangements for the mentally disordered prisoner until he can be removed to a specialist hospital. CASE STUDY 2 39. – The panel will concentrate on explaining that the major concern is fear; 39. – HIV is a very frightening illness because the one thing everyone knows about it is that it has no cure; 39. – This is sometimes the only thing people know about it; 39. – It is very important that everyone be better informed for their peace of mind as well as their own personal safety; 39. – For prison staff, this knowledge is an essential element of their training; 39. – The medical officer must embark on a training programme for all staff immediately; 39. – The real risks must be managed by strict adherence to protocols; 39. – The imaginary risks must be discredited; 39. – Prison staff must realize that they may come into contact with HIV-positive people every day without ever knowing it; 39. – The only safe way to proceed is to apply strict hygiene measures at all times and in all circumstances. 71