Institutions for persons with disabilities Carinthia was granted permission to run years ago even though it is located 12 or 15 km from the nearest villages. It takes an hour to reach the next bus stop on foot. There are few neighbours with whom the residents can come into contact in the direct vicinity. (Re)integration is thus de facto impossible. Inclusion cannot be realised in such an environment. Another problem affects some 23,000 people in Austria whose capacity is less than 50% than that of a person without disabilities and who are occupied in a daily structure or sheltered workshop. There they merely receive pocket money of about EUR 65 a month regardless of the scope of their work performance. This occupation is not legally recognised as an employment contract. Those occupied have only accident insurance but no health or pension insurance. This contradicts the UN CRPD, which is why the alignment with regular employment contracts should be a goal for the Government and the legislators. Regular working conditions demanded in daily structures The NPM often encounters young persons with impairments for whom – according to the medical model of understanding disability – a long-term incapacity to work was observed. A classification as “incapacitated for work” implies that these persons are excluded in any case from assistance by the Public Employment Service Austria (Arbeitsmarktservice). It is thus no longer possible to complete a (part) apprenticeship, and the only way to facilitate daily structure is through sheltered workshops run by services for persons with disabilities. This is inadequate from a human rights point of view and highlights the need for reform that can only be solved through political programmes with the interaction of the Federal Government and the Laender. The NPM has and will continue to advocate this. Determination of long-term incapacity to work is obstacle to apprenticeship training In general, the NPM can report very positively about many institutions and facilities. The cooperation with the management of the institutions and the staff was often good. One section of this chapter of the report is dedicated to positive practices. The official country review of Austria 2019 by the competent UN Committee will investigate to what extent or if at all Austria fulfils the provisions of the UN CRPD. From the view of the NPM, many obligations are still not fulfilled despite improvements. The deficiencies described at the outset also have to be rectified in any case. Further problems are discussed in the following sections. 2.4.2 Official country review for the implementation of the UN CRPD Victim support for behaviour that violates boundaries Creating awareness for development and measures for protection against violence in institutions and facilities for persons with disabilities is one of the core tasks of the NPM. In the past few years, the NPM has observed that when several risk factors converge, physical violence by the clients against other 87