COMMERCIAL CASES CULTURE OF CONDUCTING THE TRIAL The monitors evaluated the general status of observance of ethical norms and communication culture both by the court and the trial participants as impeccable in 84% of administrative cases. This is the best rate among all case types. The court did not allow rudeness, tactlessness, contempt to the participants of the trial, and demonstrated impeccable conduct. The court did not make any discriminatory comments and actions. In 89% of cases the judge did not get distracted from the hearing and listened to the parties attentively. In 95% of cases the participants of the administrative proceedings observed ethical norms and due communication culture. In general, the indicators in these criteria in administrative cases are better than in other case types. CULTURE OF CONDUCTING THE TRIAL IN ADMINISTRATIVE CASES 4,4 -5 0 5 REASONABLE TIME According to the monitors, the court did not take any efficient actions to encourage the parties to settle. In 21% of cases the court hearing started on time or with a delay of no more than 5 minutes. COMMERCIAL CASES The monitors visited 179 commercial case hearings all over Ukraine: in first instance courts – 138 hearings; in courts of appeal – 33 hearings; 8 33 179 COURT HEARINGS 138 in the High Commercial Court of Ukraine – 8 hearings. Since the commercial courts considered only commercial cases, this issue was exhaustively covered in Section 2.2. Commercial Courts. Report on the findings of the first trial monitoring programme in Ukraine 59