UNDP-OHCHR TOOLKIT continued MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL KEY RELATED HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS GOAL 4: Reduce child mortality Universal Declaration of Human Rights article 25; CRC articles 6, 24(2) (a); ICESCR article 12(2)(a) GOAL 5: Improve maternal health Universal Declaration of Human Rights article 25; CEDAW articles 10(h), 11(f ), 12, 14(b); ICESCR article 12; CRC article 24(2)(d); CERD article 5(e)(iv) GOAL 6: C  ombat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Universal Declaration of Human Rights article 25; ICESCR article 12, CRC article 24; CEDAW article 12; CERD article 5(e)(iv) GOAL 7: E nsure environmental sustainability Universal Declaration of Human Rights article 25(1); ICESCR articles 11(1) and 12; CEDAW article 14(2)(h); CRC article 24; CERD article 5(e)(iii) GOAL 8: D  evelop a global partnership for development Charter articles 1(3), 55 and 56; Universal Declaration of Human Rights articles 22 and 28; ICESCR articles 2(1), 11(1) , 15(4), 22 and 23; CRC articles 4, 24(4) and 28(3) Source: OHCHR. Millennium Development Goals and human rights standards. At a practical level, links between each goal, living conditions and related human rights standards are illustrated below: 11 Extreme poverty: ESC rights are engaged when access to housing is denied, due to expropriations, relocations, and when there is insufficient food to maintain health; ESC rights are also engaged when minimum wage laws are non-existent or inadequate. to access basic public health services, such as sanitation, due to an exhaustion of available services or because services are not available locally, will go directly to goals 4, 5 and 6. 11 Inability 11 Education, especially for female children, when they •• are denied or cannot access primary school education •• are charged for tuition fees and uniforms for public schools, which might result in them receiving less education than boys who are given preference •• are members of a single women-headed households and therefore less likely to go to school than girls in male-headed households •• cannot travel safely to school. 11 Employment, when discriminatory laws, policies and practices operate to create barriers to: •• seeking work •• work on equal terms, especially for persons with disabilities, women, and minority groups, including equal pay for work of equal value. 88 •• decent work conditions •• special measures for women requiring maternity benefits, and being able to access working arrangements to facilitate nursing and caring for young children •• forming trade unions Each area is linked to specific human rights, which in turn engage the responsibility of the State to respect, protect and fulfil those rights. The MDGs thus offer a “road map” to national human rights institutions that are trying to determine priorities in their respective countries in part by providing progress indicators to track and monitor specific goals. Although the MDGs are a blueprint, they require national ownership and adaptation to a particular country’s context. The capacity to identify progress depends on access to good data across most of the rights areas addressed by ESC rights. Particularly, this requires access to accurate and timely disaggregated data where specific minorities, women or other groups are linked to an NHRI’s programming. MDGs and other internationally-agreed goals12 can be used in planning: specific targets can serve as starting points for programming choices. This is especially true for those objectives that are linked to minimum core obligations. For example, the ESC right of an adequate standard of living includes a minimum core obligation of access to adequate food. The MDGs have regional and country targets that can be the basis of even more