Els Leye and Ino Kehrer 111 Table 2: The Istanbul Convention’s States Obligations related to FGM22 Diligence subject To prevent FGM Article of the Convention Article 12: General Obligations State Obligations § 1: Address gender stereotypes and take mea­ sures that are necessary to promote changes in mentality and attitudes § 3: Address the specific needs of women and girls in positions of vulnerability § 4: Involve all members of society, especially men and boys § 5: Ensure that culture, custom, religion, tradi­ tion or so-called ‘honour’ shall not be invoked to justify any act of violence § 6: Seek empowerment of girls and women Article 13: Awareness-raising Undertake awareness-raising and information campaigns on a regular basis Article 14: Education Use formal and informal education to teach children about gender equality, stereotyped gender roles, mutual respect, gender-based violence and the right to personal integrity Article 15: Training of Professionals Provide training for professionals Article 17: Participation of the Private Sector and the Media Address the role of the media and the informa­ tion and communication technology sector Adapted from Council of Europe, Amnesty International, The Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, A tool to end female genital mutilation, 2014. 22