Els Leye and Ino Kehrer Diligence subject Article of the Convention 113 State Obligations Article 27: Reporting Encourage reporting to a competent authority or organisation Article 28: Reporting by Professionals Allow professionals normally bound by rules of professional secrecy to report suspected cases Article 60: GenderBased Asylum Claims § 1: Ensure that gender-based violence against women may be recognized as a form of persecution § 2: Ensure a gender-sensitive interpretation of each of the 1951 Geneva Convention grounds § 3: Develop gender-sensitive asylum procedures, reception conditions, and support services for asylum seekers To investigate and protect Article 61: Non-Refoulement Respect the principle of non-refoulement Article 49: General Obligations Ensure that investigations and judicial pro­ ceedings in relation to cases are carried out without undue delay Article 50: Immediate Response, Prevention and Protection Ensure law enforcement agencies engage promptly and appropriately Article 51: Risk Assessment and Risk Management Ensure that an assessment of the lethality risk, the seriousness of the situation, and the risk of repeated violence is carried out by all relevant authorities Article 53: Restraining Offer restraining or protection orders for or Protection Orders women and girls at immediate risk of violence or further violence To prosecute and punish Article 31: Custody, Visitation Rights and Safety Ensure that when a girl is at risk from her parents or guardians, the exercise of custody rights does not jeopardise rights and safety of the child Article 38: FGM Introduce the necessary measures to ensure criminalisation of performing FGM and incit­ ing, coercing or procuring a girl to undergo FGM Article 45, §1: Effective, proportion­ ate and dissuasive sanctions Ensure that FGM is punishable by effective, proportionate, and dissuasive sanctions