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Physical conditions
Aging buildings pose a challenge to Norwegian
prisons, as is well-documented in Statsbygg’s² 2015
annual report. Statsbygg stated that the maintenance
backlog is vast, and the Parliamentary Ombudsman's
visits to Norwegian prisons have confirmed the
physical conditions described by Statsbygg in its
annual report.
The poor state of Norwegian prison buildings directly
impacts the conditions for women in prison. For
example, women have special sanitary needs, especially in connection with menstruation, menopause
and pregnancy. This requires respect for their privacy
and access to satisfactory sanitary facilities. The
NPM visits showed that the cells in several prisons
did not have toilets, and, in some of these prisons,
it was not possible to be let out of the cell to go to
the toilet at night. Such conditions are particularly
challenging for menstruating or pregnant women,
who often need more frequent access to toilets and
washing facilities.
In 2016, Kragerø Prison was converted into a women's
prison and it was decided that the old section of
Kongsvinger Prison, Section G, would be converted
into a women’s section. It is positive that new prisons
are being established for women. The Parliamentary
Ombudsman is, nevertheless, concerned that the
women’s prison in Kragerø and the planned new
section for women at Kongsvinger Prison are located
in old buildings that do not adequately address the
needs of female inmates.
Physical activity
Possibilities for physical activity are an important
precondition for mental as well as physical health
during long periods of imprisonment. In both women’s
prisons visited by the NPM, the possibility for physical
activity outdoors was limited by the design and size
of the exercise yard. This was particularly the case
in Kragerø Prison, where the exercise yard was a
NORWEGIAN PARLIAMENTARY OMBUDSMAN
National Preventive Mechanism
ANNUAL REPORT 2016
70-square-metre tarmacked area with little direct
sunlight much of the year. Section G at Kongsvinger
Prison, which was converted into a women’s prison
in January 2017, also has an exercise yard that is
smaller and more poorly equipped than the outdoor
areas at most men’s prisons. Some of the prisons
where men and women serve together have separate
exercise yards for female inmates, but they are
consistently smaller and more poorly equipped than
the men's yards. In some prisons, this is resolved by
giving the women access to the men’s exercise yards.
However, this entails security challenges and depends
on personnel resources.
Sense of security
Most women the NPM spoke to stated that they
feel safe in prison. There are, however, exceptions.
In sections with few prison officers on guard, more
women said that they do not feel safe. Mixed-sex
prisons with both female and male inmates give
rise to particular challenges. Despite most mixed
prisons having separate women's sections, inmates
spend a lot of time together during work, school and
leisure activities. A number of women have reported
unwanted attention from male inmates, and there is
a real risk of sexual harassment and abuse in such
situations. Few prisons have special procedures and
training in place to detect or deal with such abuse. The
Parliamentary Ombudsman has recommended that
written procedures be developed for such situations.
School and work
Meaningful activities, including school and work, can
be crucial to counteracting the harmful effects of
imprisonment and reducing the risk of future crime.
However, the Parliamentary Ombudsman has found
that work activities for female inmates are often
inadequate or given low priority due to resource or
security considerations. The fact that female inmates
as a group have weak labour market attachment
makes this even more problematic.
2 Statsbygg is the Norwegian government's key advisor in construction and property affairs, building commissioner,
property manager and property developer. See http://www.statsbygg.no/Om-Statsbygg/About-Statsbygg/.
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